LESSON 6 Flashcards
This factor affects appetite that should have a free access maximize intake
Water Availability
This factor affects appetite about taste responses: sweet, bitter, acidic/sour
Palatability
This factor affects appetite about animals eat to meet energy requirements; energy drives
productivity
Dietary energy
This factor affects appetite that affects protein,
amino acids, and forage.
Feed/Nutrient Quality
This factor affects appetite on temperature and humidity.
Environment
Give examples of conventional feedstuffs:
Yellow corn
Sorghum (milo)
Wheat (Soft)
Oats
Barley
A conventional feedstuff that is:
high energy, prone to mold/mycotoxin.
First LAA; Tryptophan
2nd LAA: Lys and Meth
Moisture level should be <14%
Yellow corn
A conventional feed stuff that is:
Cheaper alternative to corn
has tannin content, low meth/cys
and poor carcass quality
Sorghum (milo)
A conventional feed stuff that is:
A high energy
better AA profile
Var. protein levels
but has palatability problems
Wheat (Soft)
A conventional feed stuff that is:
A high fiber; low energy
used in pullet/breeder
low energy diets
Oats
A conventional feed stuff that is:
Low energy
Inexpensive
but less available
Barley
A ruminant that is a browser that can eat bitter plants because lacking of human-like bitter taste receptor.
Goats
A ruminant that are selective eaters but may eat poisonous plants; they depend on their smell and taste for feed selection.
Cattle
An ability to recognize nutrients and toxins via smell and taste. (good eating)
Euphagia
An ability to preference foods with pleasant smell, taste, and texture. (difficult in swallowing)
Hedyphagia
A non ruminant animal that has an acute eyesight for food selection and has poor sense of smell.
Fowl or Birds
A non ruminant animal that has a strong sense of smell.
Pig
A sense of taste located on the oral cavity.
Taste buds
A non ruminant animal that has more respond to flavor in changes in water due to absence of saliva and mastication.
Poultry
Examples of Protein feedstuffs:
Soybean meal
Corn gluten meal
Peanut meal
Cottonseed meal
Canola meal
Safflower meal
Ipil-ipil leaf meal
A protein feedstuffs that is:
44-48% CP High protein
exceed all amino acid requirements and contain growth inhibitors in raw form.
Soy-bean meal
A protein feedstuffs that is:
Has a high protein
good pigmentation
but lacks: Lys, Arg, Trp
60% CP meal; 40% CP
Corn gluten meal
A protein feedstuffs that is:
a risk of aflatoxin contamination
Peanut meal
A protein feedstuffs that is:
has gossypol (reduce growth in chicks)
Cyclopene ring (causes pinkish discoloration in albumen)
Cottonseed meal
A protein feedstuffs that is:
should be in limited use due to tannins and glucosides
Canola meal
A protein feedstuffs that is:
high fiber but low Meth/csys
Safflower
A protein feedstuffs that is:
contains mimosine in fresh form
Ipil-ipil leaf
Give example of animal protein
Meat and bone meal
Blood meal
Fishmeal
An animal protein that has:
high protein and Phosphorus
low meth
only used in 10-15% level
Meal and bone meal
An animal protein that has:
rendered using special process of liquid
Has high CP
Low Lys, and ile, Ca, and P
less digestible
Blood meal
An animal protein that has:
excellent amino acids
but limited to 10% use due to fishy smell.
Fish meal
Give examples of cereal rice meal by-products
Rice bran
Copra meal (palyat)
Corn bran (Tahup na mais)
Wheat bran
Cassava flour
When copra meal has molds it will produce __________
Aflatoxin
Give example of minerals and Misc. feed additives.
Calcium sources
Phosphate
Salt
Minor minerals
Give an example of calcium sources:
Oyster shells and limestone
give examples of phosphate
Dicalcium
deflourinated P
Give examples of Minor minerals
Zinc, Manganese, and Copper
Give example of miscellaneous
Fats and oils
Molasses
Distillers and brewer dried grains
a misc. feed that is energy dense source
Fats and oils
A misc. feed that is palatable, act as a binding agent.
Molasses
a misc. feed that is valuable by-products for feed.
Distiller and brewer dried grains
Give examples of micro-indg.
Supplement and feeds
Vitamin premixes
antibiotics and coccidiostats
feed preservative
pigmenting agents
flavors and pellet binders
a supplement and feed that provide essential vitamins
vitamin premixes
a supplement and feed that is a disease prevention
antibiotics and coccidiostats
a supplement and feed that is a mold inhibitor, and antioxidants
Feed preservatives
a supplement and feed that enhances the product appearaance
Pigmenting agents
a supplement and feed that improve palatability and feeds stability
flavors and pellet binders
It is waste and by-products not routinely used in standard animal feed formulation.
Non-conventional feedstuff
What are the nutritional challenges of non-conventional feedstuff?
Variable nutrient levels and quality
Presence of natural toxins
Risk of pathogens
Need for supplementation
What are the TECHNICAL challenges of non-conventional feedstuff?
requires storage
undesirable properties
processing needs (drying, cooking, detoxification)
Lack of research and development
give examples of common waste and by products:
Animal manure
Sludge
Animal by products
hide and tanning by products
Plant by-products
Municipal refuse
