LESSON 6 Flashcards
is a crucial aspect of project management that ensures a project’s deliverables meet the required standards and satisfy stakeholder expectations.
Quality Management
PMI
Project Management Institute
PMBOK
Project Management Body of Knowledge
High-quality construction practices reduce the likelihood of defects leading to accidents or structural failures.
Minimizing Defects
Adhering to safety and building codes ensures the safety of workers and future occupants.
Compliance with Standards
Proper quality management helps identify and mitigate potential risks early in the project.
Risk Mitigation
Effective quality management reduces the need for rework, saving time and resources.
Preventing Rework
Streamlined processes and efficient resource use lead to cost savings and improved project timelines.
Optimizing Processes
Implementing quality management practices helps minimize material waste and operational redundancies.
Waste Reduction
Consistently meeting quality standards ensures that the final product meets or exceeds client expectations.
Delivering High-Quality Results
High-quality projects enhance the reputation of construction companies, leading to more business opportunities.
Building Reputation
Satisfied clients are likelier to provide repeat business and positive referrals.
Client Satisfaction
Ensuring all construction activities comply with local, national, and international regulations.
Regulatory Compliance
introduced scientific management principles in the late 19th century, emphasizing efficiency and productivity, indirectly influencing quality management practices.
Frederick W. Taylor
Proper quality management helps avoid legal disputes related to construction defects and non-compliance
Avoiding Legal Issues
Maintaining thorough documentation of quality processes and inspections provides accountability and transparency.
Documentation and Accountability
developed methods for statistical quality control, laying the groundwork for modern quality management. His work introduced control charts and the concept of process variation.
Walter Shewhart
experiments in the late 1920s highlighted the impact of worker participation on productivity and quality, emphasizing the human aspect of quality management.
Hawthorne
TQM
Total Quality Management
introduced quality management principles to Japanese industries, which led to significant improvements in quality and productivity.
Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Juran
The integration of digital tools and technologies, such as data analytics and automation, has revolutionized quality management, making processes more efficient and accurate.
Digital Transformation
There is a growing emphasis on sustainable quality practices, ensuring that quality management also considers environmental and social impacts.
Sustainability
focusing on waste reduction and process improvement, have become integral to modern quality management practices.
Lean and Six Sigma
Gathering and analyzing customer requirements, regulatory standards, and industry benchmarks. Documenting these requirements to ensure all stakeholders understand and agree upon them
Identifying Quality Requirements
is a comprehensive management approach that focuses on continuous improvement in all aspects of an organization. It involves all employees, from top management to frontline workers, in pursuing quality excellence. TQM emphasizes customer satisfaction, process optimization, and proactive problem- solving. Key principles include a strong customer focus, total employee involvement, process-centered thinking, and an integrated system approach.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
is a crucial aspect of quality management that involves identifying the quality standards relevant to a project and determining how to meet those standards. It is the process of translating customer needs and requirements into specific, actionable quality objectives and guidelines for the project team.
Quality planning
Creating a detailed plan that outlines the processes, resources, and activities needed to achieve the quality objectives. Including tools and techniques for quality assurance and quality control, such as checklists, flowcharts, and statistical methods.
Developing Quality Management Plans
is a proactive process focused on ensuring that the processes used to manage and create deliverables are effective and efficient. It involves systematic activities and procedures designed to provide confidence that a product or service will meet specified quality standards and fulfill customer requirements.
Quality assurance (QA)
QA emphasizes improving and standardizing processes to prevent defects and ensure consistent quality. It involves developing and implementing quality management plans, conducting audits, and performing process evaluations.
Process-Oriented
QA is not a one-time activity but an ongoing effort to enhance processes and systems. Techniques such as Total Quality Management (TQM) and Six Sigma are often used to drive continuous improvement.
Continuous Improvement
is a process through which a business ensures that its products or services meet specified quality standards and fulfill customer requirements.
Quality control
Unlike quality control, which focuses on identifying and correcting defects in finished products, QA aims to prevent defects from occurring in the first place. This involves setting quality standards, training employees, and using tools like process mapping and statistical analysis.
Preventive Measures
is focused on identifying defects in the final products and ensuring that these defects are corrected before the products reach the customer.
Quality control
To detect defects and ensure that products meet quality standards. Includes visual inspections, functional testing, and statistical sampling.
Inspection and Testing
To address and rectify any identified defects or non- conformities. Implementing changes in processes or materials to prevent the recurrence of defects.
Corrective Actions
To ensure consistency and reliability in production processes. Establishing and adhering to standard operating procedures (SOPs) and quality benchmarks.
Standardization
Identifies potential causes of a problem and categorizes them to find the root cause. The main problem is placed at the head of the fishbone, and potential causes are listed on the branches. Causes are typically grouped into People, Methods, Machines, Materials, Measurements, and Environment.
Cause-and-Effect Diagram Ishikawa/Fishbone Diagram
Collects and analyzes data in a structured manner. A form is designed to record data in real-time at the location where the data is generated. It helps identify patterns and frequencies of problems.
Example: Used to track the number of defects occurring in a production line over a week.
Check Sheet
Monitors process variation over time and helps determine if a process is in control. Data points are plotted on a chart with a central line (average), upper control limit, and lower control limit. Points outside the control limits indicate a process that is out of control.
Control Chart
Displays the frequency distribution of data, showing patterns of variation. Data is grouped into ranges (bins) and plotted as bars. The height of each bar represents the frequency of data points within that range.
Example: Used to visualize the distribution of response times in a customer service center.
Histogram
Highlights the most significant factors in a dataset, based on the Pareto principle (80/20 rule). Data is plotted as bars in descending order of frequency, with a cumulative percentage line. This helps identify the few causes that contribute to the majority of problems.
Pareto Chart
Plots pairs of numerical data to identify relationships between variables. Each point on the scatter diagram represents a pair of values. The pattern of points can indicate the type and strength of the relationship (e.g., positive, negative, or no correlation).
Example: Used to analyze the relationship between machine speed and defect rate.
Scatter Diagram
Visualizes the steps in a process, helping to identify potential problem areas. A diagram that uses symbols to represent different actions or steps in a process. Arrows connect the steps to show the flow of the process.
Example: Used to map out the customer order fulfillment process steps.
Flowchart
