CMAT LE REVIEWER (MASONR) Flashcards
Is an assembly of bricks, blocks or stone held together with mortar
Masonry
Generally masonry walls consists of rectangular units built-up in horizontal layers called ____
Courses
- Building stones obtained by quarrying from the rocky strata of earth and reducing it to the required shapes and sizes for construction
Stone Masonry
formed as a result of cooling the molten rock to solid state. Nonporous, hard, strong and durable
Igneous
consists mainly of quartz, fieldspar, mica and other colored minerals; colors include black, gray, red, pink, brown and green
Granite
color ranges from gray to black; used mainly for paving stones and retaining walls
Basalt
sediments deposited by the action of water or wind gets consolidated to a rock.
Sedimentary
sedimentary rock composed of sand sized grains made of silica, iron oxide and clay. Color include gray, brown, light, brown, red, copper and purple.
Sandstone
derived from clay and silts
Shale
sedimentary rock composed of calcite and dolomite. Has high compressive strength. Used for building stones and paneling
Limestone
igneous or sedimentary rock transformed by heat and pressure into another rock
Metamorphic
recrystallized limestone
Marble
a variety of stone composed of mainly granular quartz cemented by silica
Quartzite
consists mainly of clays and shale
Slate
- Wall is made up of stones of irregular sizes and shapes, stones are roughly dressed. The stones from the quarry are broken into small pieces and are directly used in construction work
- Composed of un-square pieces of stones, mason has to choose carefully each stone so that it can fit into the available space
RUBBLE MASONRY
- Wall is made of accurately dressed stones with extremely fine bed and end joints. Block may be either square and rectangular shaped.
- Made of squared pieces of stones.
ASHLAR MASONRY
- Also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns.
- These bricks have no special shoring, markings, surface, texture or color
Building Bricks
- The dry press method is similar to mud brick but start with a much thicker clay mix, so it forms more accurate, sharper-edge bricks
- The greater force in pressing and the longer burn make this method more expensive
Pressed Brick
- Is a block of refractory ceramic material used in lining furnace, kilns, fireboxes and fireplaces
- Refractory bricks is built to withstand high heat, but should also usually have low thermal conductivity to save energy
Fire Brick
- The internal faces of walls, lavatories and bathrooms to be faced with first quality white glazed bricks
- Glazed brick are extruded clay masonry units for building veneers and partitions
Glazed Brick
Decorative brick made of sand and lime pressed in an atmosphere of steam
Sand-Lime Brick
is widely used to construct small and large structures. The most common application of concrete masonry is walls for buildings.
* Also known as Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)
* Concrete blocks are manufactured in required shape and sizes and these may be solid or hollow blocks.
Concrete Masonry
- Vital part of masonry as the masonry unit themselves
- Serves to cushion the masonry units, giving them full bearing against one another despite their surface irregularities
- Seals between the units to keep water and wind from penetrating; it adheres the units to one another to bond them into a monolithic structural unit; and inevitably it is important to the appearance of finished masonry wall.
MORTAR
cement is used as binding material with sand as fine aggregate. Cement to the sand proportion varies from 1:2 to 1:6.
Cement Mortar
lime is used as bonding material together with fine aggregate.
PROTORTION IS 1:2
Lime Mortar
both cement and lime are used as binding material. Proportion is 1:6 to 1:9
Gauged Mortar
mud is used as binding material and sawdust, ricehusk or cow dung as fine aggregate. It is useful when lime or cement is not available.
Mud Mortar
- Thin layer of mortar applied over the masonry surface and it acts as damp- proof coat over the brick masonry work.
- Also provides a finished surface over the masonry that is firm and smooth hence it enhances the appearance of the building.
PLASTERING
USES OF MORTAR
- Used to bind together the bricks or stones in brick or stone masonry
- Used to give a soft even bed between layers of brick or stone masonry for equal distribution of pressure over the bed
- Used to fill up spaces between bricks or stones for making walls tight
- Used in concrete as a matrix
- Used in plastering works to hide joints and improve appearance
- Used for molding and ornamental purposes
-Is a mixture of cement, sand and water or chemicals used to fill gaps.
-They are commonly used in the repair of concrete cracks, fill seams and gaps in tiles, seal and fill gaps for waterproofing as well as for soil stabilization.
GROUT
