lesson 6 Flashcards

1
Q

traditional nonconverged network characteristics

A
  • bursty data flow
  • fifo access
  • not overly time sensitive
  • brief outages are survivable
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2
Q

converged network realities

A
  • constant small packet voice flow competes with bursty data flow
  • critical traffic must have priority
  • voice and video are time sensitive
  • outages are not acceptable
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3
Q

converged network quality issues

A
  • lack of bandwidth
  • end to end delay
  • variation of delay
  • packet loss
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4
Q

advanced queuing techniques

A
  • weighted fair queue (wfq)
  • priority queuing (pq)
  • custom queuing (cq)
  • modified deficit round robin (mdrr)
  • class-based weighted fair queue (cb-wfq)
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5
Q

types of delay

A
  • processing delay, router examining packet
  • queuing delay, packet waiting in output queue
  • serialization delay, time it takes to put the bits on the wire
  • propagation delay, time it takes for packet to cross the link
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6
Q

types of packet drops

A
  • tail drops, full output queue
  • input drop, router congestion
  • ignore, router congestion
  • overrun, router congestion
  • frame error, router congestion
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7
Q

voip performance requirements

A
  • latency, 150 ms one way
  • jitter, less than 100 ms
  • packet loss, less than 1%
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8
Q

qos metrics

A
  • delay
  • jitter
  • packet loss
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9
Q

live voice and video qos sensitivities

A
  • delay
  • jitter
  • packet loss
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10
Q

streaming video and audio qos sensitivities

A
  • jitter

- packet loss

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11
Q

transactional/interactive application qos sensitivities

A

-delay

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12
Q

bulk data, email, file transfer qos sensitivities

A

-none

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13
Q

qos tools

A
  • congestion management
  • queue management
  • traffic shaping and policing
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14
Q

fifo

A
  • first in first out queuing

- stores packets when the network is congested and forwards them in order of arrival when congestion is relieved

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15
Q

pq

A
  • priority queuing

- puts data into four queue levels (high, medium, normal (*default), low)

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16
Q

cq

A
  • custom queuing
  • assigns specified amount of queue space to each class of packet
  • performs round robin to service up to 17 queues
17
Q

wfq

A
  • weighted fair queuing
  • makes transfer rates of high volume conversations more predictable
  • made up of per flow fifo queues
  • uses hash algorithm to produce the index queue
18
Q

wred

A
  • weighted random early detection

- stochastically discards packets if congestion begins to increase

19
Q

steps to implement qos

A
  1. identify traffic and its requirements
  2. group traffic into classes
  3. define qos policies for each class
20
Q

qos traffic classification

A
  • voice, low latency
  • mission critical, guaranteed delivery
  • transactional, guaranteed delivery
  • best-effort, no delivery guarantee
  • scavenger class, less than best effort
21
Q

qos models

A
  • best effort, no qos
  • integrated services, applications communicate their qos requirements
  • differentiated services, network implements qos based on recognized classes
22
Q

differentiated services model steps

A
  1. classification of packets

2. marking of packets

23
Q

dscp

A
  • differentiated services code points

- layer 3 precedence mechanism

24
Q

cisco qos service class baseline models

A
  • 4/5 class model
  • 8 class model
  • 11 class model
25
Q

4/5 class model

A
  • realtime
  • call signaling, critical data
  • best effort
  • scavenger
26
Q

8 class model

A
  • routing protocols
  • interactive voice
  • video
  • call signaling
  • critical data
  • bulk data
  • best effort
  • scavenger
27
Q

11 class model

A
  • routing protocols
  • interactive voice
  • streaming video
  • call signaling
  • network management
  • mission critical data
  • transactional data
  • bulk data
  • best effort
  • scavenger
28
Q

router physical interface queues

A
  • hardware queue
  • software queue, used when hardware queue is congested
  • if hardware queue is not congested the software queue is bypassed
  • hardware queue is always fifo
  • software queue can be selected and configured
29
Q

default cisco queuing algorithm

A

-wfq

30
Q

wfq classification parameters

A
  • source ip
  • destination ip
  • source tcp or udp
  • destination tcp or udp
  • transport protocol
  • tos field
31
Q

benefits of wfq

A
  • simple configuration
  • guarantees some throughput to all flows
  • drops packets of most aggressive flows
32
Q

drawbacks of wfq

A
  • possibility of multiple flows ending up in one queue
  • lack of control over classification
  • doesnt provide fixed bandwidth guarantees