lesson 5

Question 1

call signaling methods

Answer 1

• supervisory signalling (loop-start or ground start)
• address signaling (pulse or dtfm)
• information signaling (call progression tones)

Question 2

loop start signaling

Answer 2

• used for residential phones

- has glare

Question 3

glare

Answer 3

-when an incoming call happens at the same time as an outgoing line is requested

Question 4

ground start signaling

Answer 4

• used in industry

- fixes glare

Question 5

information signaling

Answer 5

• call progression tones
• provide an indication of call status
• regional

Question 6

north american call progression tones

Answer 6

• dial tone
• busy signal
• ringback
• reorder (congestion)
• receiver off-hook

Question 7

pstn integration

Answer 7

-gateways use different interfaces to connect to non ip devices

Question 8

analog pstn interfaces

Answer 8

• foreign exchange station (fxs)

- foreign exchange office (fxo)

Question 9

digital pstn interfaces

Answer 9

• t1, cas or ccs

- e1, cas or ccs

Question 10

fxs

Answer 10

• foreign exchange station
• provides dial tone and power
• uses supervisory signaling
• processes address signaling
• provides call progression tones
• has a station id
• used by pstn or pbx

Question 11

fxo

Answer 11

• foreign exchange office
• uses supervisory signaling
• provides address signaling
• answers on a defined ring number
• relays caller id
• used by end device

Question 12

cas and ccs

Answer 12

• channel associated signaling

- common channel signaling

Question 13

esf

Answer 13

• extended super frame

- t1 framing standard

Question 14

b8zs

Answer 14

• bipolar 8-zero substitution

- t1 encoding method

Question 15

call types

Answer 15

• local (does not traverse wan or pstn)
• on net (between two phones on the same data network, incl. wan)
• off net (traverses pstn)
• plar (automatically connects two phones)

Question 16

plar

Answer 16

-private line automatic ringdown

Question 17

gateway call routing

Answer 17

• primary function pg gateways
• similar to packet routing
• made up of call legs and dial peers

Question 18

call legs

Answer 18

• logical connection between two routers or a router and phone
• router centric (only worried about next hop)

Question 19

dial peers

Answer 19

• inbound and outbound varieties
• addressable call endpoint
• configured on a gateway to enable call routing

Question 20

inbound dial peers

Answer 20

-matched as the call arrives

Question 21

outbound dial peers

Answer 21

-matched to determine destination

Question 22

call flow

Answer 22

1. inbound call is matched to inbound dial peer
2. translation rules or profiles for the dial peer are applied
3. outbound dial peer is matched

Question 23

types of dial peers

Answer 23

• pots, match to voice port

- voip, match to ip addr or dns name

Question 24

dial peer match criteria

Answer 24

• calling number
• called number
• port number