Lesson 5.1:Anatomical Terminology 𖦹⋆｡°✩ Flashcards
what is the anatomical position
the standard position used to describe the locations and relationships of anatomical parts on the body
how is the body arranged in the anatomical position
standing straight, looking forward, arms at the side, hands facing forward
what are the key features of the anatomical position
༻ the person is upright, standing with eyes, toes, and head pointing forward
༻ feet are together and arms are slightly out to the side
༻ forearms are fully supinated (palms of the hands are facing forward)
what terms are used to describe anatomical relationships
༻ anterior/posterior
༻ superior/inferior
༻ medial/lateral
༻ proximal/distal
define anterior/posterior
༻ anterior - the front surfaces of the body (ventral)
༻ posterior - the back surfaces of the body (dorsal)
define superior/inferior
༻ superior - structures closer to the top of the body
༻ inferior - structures closer to the lower part of the body
define medial/lateral
༻ medial - towards the midline
༻ lateral - away from the midline
define proximal/distal
༻ proximal - nearest to the upper part or the point of attachment of the limb to the body
༻ distal - farther away from the point of attachment, bottom of limb segment
define plantar/dorsum
༻ plantar - on/towards the sole of the food
༻ dorsum - the uppermost surface of the foot
define superficial/deep
༻ superficial - on/close to the surface of the body
༻ deep - farther away from the surface of the body
define flexion/extension
༻ flexion - bending a joint to reduce the angle between 2 bones
༻ extension - is straightening a joint to increase the angle of a joint by moving bones further away
what plane do flexion/extension movements occur in
the sagittal plane
define abduction/adduction
༻ abduction - movement away from the midline
༻ adduction - movement towards the midline
define internal/external rotation
༻ internal (medial) rotation - rotating inwardly towards the midline
༻ external (lateral) rotation - rotating outwardly away from the midline
define circumduction
a circular movement of a limb
what movements does circumduction involve
flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
define supination/pronation
༻ supination - lateral rotation of forearm and hand so that the palm faces upward
༻ pronation - medial rotation of forearm and hand so that palm faces downward
define protraction/retraction
༻ protraction - a forward movement of the shoulder girdle away from spine (abduction of scapula)
༻ retraction - a backward movement of the shoulder girdle toward the spine (adduction of scapula)
define dorsiflexion/plantar flexion
༻ dorsiflexion - flexing the ankle so that the foot points upwards
༻ plantar flexion - extending the ankle so that you are pointing your toes
define eversion/inversion
༻ eversion - turning the role of the food outward (walking on inside of foot)
༻ inversion - turning the sole of the foot inward (walking on outside of foot)
define elevation/depression
༻ elevation - a superior movement of the shoulder girdle
༻ depression - an inferior movement of the shoulder girdle
define opposition/reposition
༻ opposition - a diagonal movement of thumb across the palm to touch the fingers
༻ reposition - when the thumb is returned back to the anatomical position
