LESSON 5.1 [A] Flashcards by Micca Abanes

what are the three domains involved in LUCA

1.Eukarya
2. Archaea
3. Bacteria

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stands out for its vast diversity in habitat, metabolism, and lifestyle, being the largest bacterial phylum; named after Proteus which is the Greek God of the sea

Phylum Proteobacteria

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thrive in a wide range of environments from EXTREME to MODERATE and exhibit various metabolic strategies such as Photosynthesis, Chemo-heterotrophy, and Nitrogen fixation; can be beneficial and pathogenic

Proteobacteria

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Classification within proteobacteria includes classes:

Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, Zeta

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most dominant in the oligotrophic proteobacteria; others have evolved to live within plant and animal cells

Alphaproteobacteria

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capable of living in low-nutrient environment

Predominantly oligotrophic

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Unusual metabolic modes of a-proteobacteria

methylotrophy
Chemolithotrophy
Ability to fix nitrogen

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ability to grow using methane as carbon source

Methylotrophy

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utilizes chemical substances for energy, with electron sources from inorganic compounds

Chemolithotrophy

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orders within alphaproteobacteria

Rickettsialles
Rhodospirillales
Caulobacterales
Rhizobiales

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key genera of Rhizobiales

Bartonella, Methylobacterium, Pelagibacter, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium

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the majority of Alphaproteobacteria are under _____

Order Rhizobiales

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one of the most pathogenic bacteria in humans

Bartonella

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largest and most metabolically diverse order of A-proteobacteria; includes phototrophs, chemolitotrophs, symbionts, nitrogen fixing bacteria,a nd pathogens; some of them are photosynthetic and symbiotic with other organsims

Rhizobiales

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forms root nodules and fies nitrogen in association with leguminous plants; chemoorganotrophs and obligaate aerobes; HGT contributes to the distribution of nodulation genes among genera

Genus rhizobium

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bacteria are associated with plants but pathigenic to them; causing crown gall disease, unable to form root nodules

Genus agrobacterium

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bacteria that is closely related to nodule Rhizobium but is a plant pathigen that causes crown gall disease

Rhizobium radiobacter

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capable of using methane as carbon source; pink-[igmented facultative methylotrophs; commonly found on plant surfaces, soils, fresh water systems ,a nd human made enviroments

Genus Methylobacterium

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intracellular pathogens of humans and other vertebrates; causes diseases like trench fever, cat scratc diseases and inflammatory diseases; transmitted by arthropods and difficult to cultivate

Genus Bartonella

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ligotroph and obligately aerobic chemoorgaanotroph; abundant in the photic zone of Earth’s oceans; most abundant bacterial species on earth

Genus Pelagibacter

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it is the surface layer of the ocean that receives the sunlight

Photic zone

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represent a unique order of obligate intracelular parasites or mutualists primarily associated with arthropods ; cultivation relies on host cells such as chicken eggs or tissue culture because they can’t be cultured in plate since they’re intarcellularparasites

Rickettsiales

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causative agents of several human diseases,including thypus and rocky mountain spotted fever; typically transmitted by arthropod vectors such as ticks, fleas, lice, and mites

Rickettsia

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Metabolically specialized, primarily oxidizing amino acids and reliant on host cells for certain metabolites; it is the same with viruses whereas they replicate inside the cells but they only uses the nutrients inside the cell and it doesn’t use the ribosomes of the cell to replicate becuae they have own ribosomes.

Rickettsia

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what is the transmission cycle of bacterial Ricketssia?

it happens when the infectec tick bites the human then the infected human can victim the other uninfected organisms.

2 genus of Ricketssiales

Rickettsia and Wolbachia

intracellular parasites that exhibits effect on insect hosts including inducing parthenogenesis, male killing , and feminization.

Wolbachia

it is the best studied of Wolbachia which colonizes insect eggs and is passed from infected females to offspring.

Wolbachia pipientis

If there is a presence of Wolbachia, _______ cannot be infected by dengue, thereby inhibiting the transmission of the virus. Therefor, mosquitoes become _______ of transmitting dengue.

female mosquito, incapable

It serves as a potential biocontrol to mitigate the dengue cases in th country

Wolbachia

constitutes the largest class of Proteobacteria with approximately 500 species

Betaproteobacteria

6 orders of Betaproteobacteria

1. Rhodocycales 2. Hydrogenophilales 3. Neisserialess 4. Nitrosomonadales 5. Methylophilales 6. Burkholderiales

species that include strictly aerobic, facultatively aerobic, and obligately anaerobic chemoorganotrophs, anoxygenic phototrophs, obligate and facultative chemolithotrophs, free living nitrogen fixers, and pathogens of plants, animals, and humans.

Burkholderiales

it is the type of genus in Burkholderiales that encompasses diverse chemoorganotrophs with strictly respiratory metabolism; promote plant growth but many are potentially pathogenic for plants or animals

Burkholderia

a soil bacterium that can cause opportunistic infections in humas,particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with cystic fibrosis; has an ability to form biofilms in the lungs and resistance to antibiotics.

Burkholderia cepacia

what order is this ifthe genus if Rhodocycales which is charaterized as nonsulfur bacteria

Rhodocylus

it is a species primarily grow as photoheteropthrops but can also function as photoautotrophs using H2 as an electron acceptor; commonly found in illuminated anoxic environment such as no presence of oxygen, high amounts of organic matter, usually found in septic tanks or waste treatments

Rhodocylus purpureus

it is another genus within Rhodocycales wherein they need oxygen for metabolism; it is known for producing a thich gelatinous capsule that binds cells togethe, forming a complex matrix with branching projections.

Genus Zoogloea

what is the bacteria that produces capsule/cellulose to form nata de coco?

Acetobacter

plays a vital role in aerobic wastewater treatment, degrading organic carbon and faciitating flocculation and settling dor wate rpurification processes

Zooglea ramigera

encompasses awide array of chemoroganotrophic bacteria with at least 29 genera

Neisseriales

species in order neiserriales that are typically cocci0shaped, frequuently isolated from animals and can be ither harmless saprophytes or pathogenic

Neisseria

Found in organic matter or dead organisms such as log

Saprophytes

species that can cause disases like meningitis in order neisseriales

Neisseria meningtidis

swelling of meninges in the brain

Meningitis

responsible for gonorrohoea which is a sexually transmitted infection

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

a close reltive of neisseria; rod shaped and known for species like C. vilaceum due to its violet pigment

chromobacterium

produces the purple pigment violacein, which posess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties

Chromobacterium violaceum

2 genus of Neissariales

1. Neisseria 2. Chromobacterium

most species within these orders are obligate aerobes, and many are autotrophic

Hydrogenophilales, Methylopilales, and Nitrozomonadales

this speciesin order hydrogenophilales uses H2 as a electron donor for respiration and the calvin cycle to fix CO2

Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus

it is under the genus thiobacilus that oxidized reduced sulfur compounds and can fix CO2 using the calvin cycle

Chemolitotrophic Thiobacillus

2 genus of Hydrogenophilales

1. Hydrogenophilus 2. Thiobacilus

consists of organisms like Methylophilus species which are obligate and facultative methylotrophs capable of growth on methanol and other C1 compounds

Methylophilales

includes obligately chemolitrotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, capable of oxidizing ammonia compounds.

Nitrosomonadales

2 genus in nitrosomonadales

1. Nitrosomonas 2. Nitrosospira

this process can be used to isolate zoogloea ramigera

Flocculation

This helps to provide a type of nitrogen that is capable of being consumed by plants

Rhizobia

characterized by EXTENSIVE FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY and significant contributions to microbial ecosystems

Betaproteobacteria

The type genus ofor Rhodocylales is ______ which is characterized as a purple nonsulfur bacteria

Rhodocyclus

the formation/production of the capsule depends on the _____ of the secies and based on the availability of _____

high gene regulation, carbon supplies

among the best-characterized genera of Neisseriales are

Neisseria and Chromobacterium

It is isolated in chocolate agar

Chromobacterium species

Can also utilize simple sugars through aerobic respiration as chemoorganotrophs. Thus, it depends on the available sugar or carbon

Methylophilus species