LESSON 5.1 [A] Flashcards
what are the three domains involved in LUCA
1.Eukarya
2. Archaea
3. Bacteria
stands out for its vast diversity in habitat, metabolism, and lifestyle, being the largest bacterial phylum; named after Proteus which is the Greek God of the sea
Phylum Proteobacteria
thrive in a wide range of environments from EXTREME to MODERATE and exhibit various metabolic strategies such as Photosynthesis, Chemo-heterotrophy, and Nitrogen fixation; can be beneficial and pathogenic
Proteobacteria
Classification within proteobacteria includes classes:
Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, Zeta
most dominant in the oligotrophic proteobacteria; others have evolved to live within plant and animal cells
Alphaproteobacteria
capable of living in low-nutrient environment
Predominantly oligotrophic
Unusual metabolic modes of a-proteobacteria
- methylotrophy
- Chemolithotrophy
- Ability to fix nitrogen
ability to grow using methane as carbon source
Methylotrophy
utilizes chemical substances for energy, with electron sources from inorganic compounds
Chemolithotrophy
orders within alphaproteobacteria
- Rickettsialles
- Rhodospirillales
- Caulobacterales
- Rhizobiales
key genera of Rhizobiales
Bartonella, Methylobacterium, Pelagibacter, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium
the majority of Alphaproteobacteria are under _____
Order Rhizobiales
one of the most pathogenic bacteria in humans
Bartonella
largest and most metabolically diverse order of A-proteobacteria; includes phototrophs, chemolitotrophs, symbionts, nitrogen fixing bacteria,a nd pathogens; some of them are photosynthetic and symbiotic with other organsims
Rhizobiales
forms root nodules and fies nitrogen in association with leguminous plants; chemoorganotrophs and obligaate aerobes; HGT contributes to the distribution of nodulation genes among genera
Genus rhizobium
bacteria are associated with plants but pathigenic to them; causing crown gall disease, unable to form root nodules
Genus agrobacterium
bacteria that is closely related to nodule Rhizobium but is a plant pathigen that causes crown gall disease
Rhizobium radiobacter
capable of using methane as carbon source; pink-[igmented facultative methylotrophs; commonly found on plant surfaces, soils, fresh water systems ,a nd human made enviroments
Genus Methylobacterium
intracellular pathogens of humans and other vertebrates; causes diseases like trench fever, cat scratc diseases and inflammatory diseases; transmitted by arthropods and difficult to cultivate
Genus Bartonella
ligotroph and obligately aerobic chemoorgaanotroph; abundant in the photic zone of Earth’s oceans; most abundant bacterial species on earth
Genus Pelagibacter
it is the surface layer of the ocean that receives the sunlight
Photic zone
represent a unique order of obligate intracelular parasites or mutualists primarily associated with arthropods ; cultivation relies on host cells such as chicken eggs or tissue culture because they can’t be cultured in plate since they’re intarcellularparasites
Rickettsiales
causative agents of several human diseases,including thypus and rocky mountain spotted fever; typically transmitted by arthropod vectors such as ticks, fleas, lice, and mites
Rickettsia
Metabolically specialized, primarily oxidizing amino acids and reliant on host cells for certain metabolites; it is the same with viruses whereas they replicate inside the cells but they only uses the nutrients inside the cell and it doesn’t use the ribosomes of the cell to replicate becuae they have own ribosomes.
Rickettsia
what is the transmission cycle of bacterial Ricketssia?
it happens when the infectec tick bites the human then the infected human can victim the other uninfected organisms.
2 genus of Ricketssiales
Rickettsia and Wolbachia
intracellular parasites that exhibits effect on insect hosts including inducing parthenogenesis, male killing , and feminization.
Wolbachia
it is the best studied of Wolbachia which colonizes insect eggs and is passed from infected females to offspring.
Wolbachia pipientis
If there is a presence of Wolbachia, _______ cannot be infected by dengue, thereby inhibiting the transmission of the virus. Therefor, mosquitoes become _______ of transmitting dengue.
female mosquito, incapable
It serves as a potential biocontrol to mitigate the dengue cases in th country
Wolbachia
constitutes the largest class of Proteobacteria with approximately 500 species
Betaproteobacteria
6 orders of Betaproteobacteria
- Rhodocycales
- Hydrogenophilales
- Neisserialess
- Nitrosomonadales
- Methylophilales
- Burkholderiales
species that include strictly aerobic, facultatively aerobic, and obligately anaerobic chemoorganotrophs, anoxygenic phototrophs, obligate and facultative chemolithotrophs, free living nitrogen fixers, and pathogens of plants, animals, and humans.
Burkholderiales
it is the type of genus in Burkholderiales that encompasses diverse chemoorganotrophs with strictly respiratory metabolism; promote plant growth but many are potentially pathogenic for plants or animals
Burkholderia
a soil bacterium that can cause opportunistic infections in humas,particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with cystic fibrosis; has an ability to form biofilms in the lungs and resistance to antibiotics.
Burkholderia cepacia
what order is this ifthe genus if Rhodocycales which is charaterized as nonsulfur bacteria
Rhodocylus
it is a species primarily grow as photoheteropthrops but can also function as photoautotrophs using H2 as an electron acceptor; commonly found in illuminated anoxic environment such as no presence of oxygen, high amounts of organic matter, usually found in septic tanks or waste treatments
Rhodocylus purpureus
it is another genus within Rhodocycales wherein they need oxygen for metabolism; it is known for producing a thich gelatinous capsule that binds cells togethe, forming a complex matrix with branching projections.
Genus Zoogloea
what is the bacteria that produces capsule/cellulose to form nata de coco?
Acetobacter
plays a vital role in aerobic wastewater treatment, degrading organic carbon and faciitating flocculation and settling dor wate rpurification processes
Zooglea ramigera
encompasses awide array of chemoroganotrophic bacteria with at least 29 genera
Neisseriales
species in order neiserriales that are typically cocci0shaped, frequuently isolated from animals and can be ither harmless saprophytes or pathogenic
Neisseria
Found in organic matter or dead organisms such as log
Saprophytes
species that can cause disases like meningitis in order neisseriales
Neisseria meningtidis
swelling of meninges in the brain
Meningitis
responsible for gonorrohoea which is a sexually transmitted infection
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
a close reltive of neisseria; rod shaped and known for species like C. vilaceum due to its violet pigment
chromobacterium
produces the purple pigment violacein, which posess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties
Chromobacterium violaceum
2 genus of Neissariales
- Neisseria
- Chromobacterium
most species within these orders are obligate aerobes, and many are autotrophic
Hydrogenophilales, Methylopilales, and Nitrozomonadales
this speciesin order hydrogenophilales uses H2 as a electron donor for respiration and the calvin cycle to fix CO2
Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus
it is under the genus thiobacilus that oxidized reduced sulfur compounds and can fix CO2 using the calvin cycle
Chemolitotrophic Thiobacillus
2 genus of Hydrogenophilales
- Hydrogenophilus
- Thiobacilus
consists of organisms like Methylophilus species which are obligate and facultative methylotrophs capable of growth on methanol and other C1 compounds
Methylophilales
includes obligately chemolitrotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, capable of oxidizing ammonia compounds.
Nitrosomonadales
2 genus in nitrosomonadales
- Nitrosomonas
- Nitrosospira
this process can be used to isolate zoogloea ramigera
Flocculation
This helps to provide a type of nitrogen that is capable of being consumed by plants
Rhizobia
characterized by EXTENSIVE FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY and significant contributions to microbial ecosystems
Betaproteobacteria
The type genus ofor Rhodocylales is ______ which is characterized as a purple nonsulfur bacteria
Rhodocyclus
the formation/production of the capsule depends on the _____ of the secies and based on the availability of _____
high gene regulation, carbon supplies
among the best-characterized genera of Neisseriales are
Neisseria and Chromobacterium
It is isolated in chocolate agar
Chromobacterium species
Can also utilize simple sugars through aerobic respiration as chemoorganotrophs. Thus, it depends on the available sugar or carbon
Methylophilus species
