Lesson 5 - RNA Translation Flashcards

1
Q

the process in which a sequence of nucleotide triplets in a messenger RNA give rise to a specific sequence of amino acids during the synthesis of a polypeptide chain or protein

A

RNA translation

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2
Q

Ribosomes translate the genetic message of mRNA into ____

A

Proteins

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3
Q

The mRNA is translated 5’→3’, producing a corresponding _____ → _____ polypeptide

A

N-terminal
C-terminal

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4
Q

Amino acids bound to tRNAs are inserted in the proper sequence due to (2)

A

Specific binding of each amino acid to its tRNA.

Specific base pairing between the mRNA codon and tRNA anticodon

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5
Q

Translational Machinery (4)

A

mRNAs
tRNAs
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
Ribosome

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6
Q

Provides an intermediate that carries the copy of DNA sequence that represents protein

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

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7
Q

Protein coding region of mRNA is composed of a contiguous, non- overlapping string of codons called _____

A

Open Reading Frame (ORF)

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8
Q

the site of attachment of the specific amino acid

A

Acceptor ARM

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9
Q

involved in binding of the aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomal surface at the site of protein synthesis

A

Ribothymidine Pseudouridine Cytidine ARM

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10
Q

recognition of a given tRNA species by its proper aminoacyl-tRNA synthase

A

D ARM

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11
Q

(2) attachments of amino acids to RNA

A

Adenylation
Charging

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12
Q

Provide specificity in joining amino acids to their RNAs

A

Amino Acyl tRNA Synthetase

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13
Q

It directs the synthesis of proteins

A

Ribosome

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14
Q

contains the peptidyl transferase center which is responsible for the formation of peptide bonds

A

Large subunit

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15
Q

contains the decoding center in which charged tRNAs read or decode the codons of mRNA

A

Small subunit

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16
Q

undergo association and dissociation during each cycle of translation

A

Large subunit and small subunit

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17
Q

Prokaryotic Ribosome = ___S
Eukaryotic Ribosome = ____S

A

70; 80

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18
Q

An mRNA bearing multiple ribosome is known as ____ or ____

A

Polyribosome; polysome

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19
Q

binding site for the first aminocylated tRNA

A

A-site

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20
Q

binding site for the first peptidyl tRNA

A

P-site

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21
Q

binding site for the first uncharged tRNA

A

E-site

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22
Q

Large subunit has an exit channel for ____

A

Newly synthesized polypeptide chain

23
Q

ordered series of three nucleotides specific for amino acids

A

Codon

24
Q

last codon of an ORF at the 3’end which define the signal termination of protein synthesis

A

Stop codon

25
Q

Features of Genetic Code (5)

A

Degenerate
Unambiguous
Non-overlapping
Not punctuated
Universal

26
Q

Feature of Genetic Code

The reading of the genetic code during the process of protein synthesis does not involve any overlap of codons

A

Non-overlapping

27
Q

Feature of Genetic Code

The code is the same in all organisms from viruses and bacteria to humans with few exceptions

A

Universal

28
Q

Steps of RNA Translation (3)

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

29
Q

The initiator tRNA is charged with with ____

A

Methionine

30
Q

(3) key events for correct addition of each amino acids

A

Correct aminoacyl-tRNA is loaded to the A site of the ribosome as dictated by the A site codon

Peptidyl transferase reaction

Translocation of peptidyl tRNA from A site of ribosome to the P site of ribosome

31
Q

Stop codons are recognized by proteins called ____

A

Release factors (RF)

32
Q

(2) classes of RF

A

Class 1 RFs
Class 2 RFs

33
Q

recognize stop codon and trigger the hydrolysis of peptide chain from the peptidyl tRNA

A

Class 1 RFs

34
Q

stimulate the dissociation of class 1 RFs from the ribosome after the release of polypeptide

A

Class 2 RFs

35
Q

UGA

Universal Code and Unusual Code

A

Stop; Trp

36
Q

CUG

Universal Code and Unusual Code

A

Leu; Thr

37
Q

UAA, UAG

Universal Code and Unusual Code

A

Stop; Gln

38
Q

UGA

Universal Code and Unusual Code

A

Stop; Cys

39
Q

Occurrence in UGA

A

Mycoplasma
Spiroplasma
Mitochondria of many species

40
Q

Occurrence in CUG

A

Mitochondria in yeasts

41
Q

Occurence in UAA and UAG

A

Acetubularia
Tetrahymena
Paramecium
Etc.

42
Q

Occurence in UGA

A

Euplotes

43
Q

Multiple codons must decode the same amino acid

A

Degenerate

44
Q

Once the reading is commenced at a specific codon, the message is read in a continuing sequence of nucleotide triplets until a stop codon is reached.

A

No punctuation

45
Q

For a given codon in the mRNA, only a ____ species of tRNA molecule possesses the proper anticodon

A

Single

46
Q

In general, the third nucleotide in a codon is less important than the ____ in determining the specific amino acid to be incorporated

A

First two

47
Q

First codon of an ORF present at the 5’ end

A

Start codon

48
Q

Entry and exit channel for mRNA

A

Ribosome

49
Q

an endergonic process that occurs at the expense of ATP, which loses two phosphate groups, becoming AMP

A

Linkage

50
Q

base pair complementary to mRNA codons

A

Anti-codon loop

51
Q

5’-CC—3’ which is the binding site of amino acids

A

Acceptor stem

52
Q

Consists of anti-codon loop and acceptor stem

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

53
Q

tRNA contains unusual and modified bases such as (5)

A

Uridine
Thymine
Pseudouridine
Methyguanine
Hypoxanthine
Etc.