Lesson 5 - RNA Translation Flashcards
the process in which a sequence of nucleotide triplets in a messenger RNA give rise to a specific sequence of amino acids during the synthesis of a polypeptide chain or protein
RNA translation
Ribosomes translate the genetic message of mRNA into ____
Proteins
The mRNA is translated 5’→3’, producing a corresponding _____ → _____ polypeptide
N-terminal
C-terminal
Amino acids bound to tRNAs are inserted in the proper sequence due to (2)
Specific binding of each amino acid to its tRNA.
Specific base pairing between the mRNA codon and tRNA anticodon
Translational Machinery (4)
mRNAs
tRNAs
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
Ribosome
Provides an intermediate that carries the copy of DNA sequence that represents protein
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Protein coding region of mRNA is composed of a contiguous, non- overlapping string of codons called _____
Open Reading Frame (ORF)
the site of attachment of the specific amino acid
Acceptor ARM
involved in binding of the aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomal surface at the site of protein synthesis
Ribothymidine Pseudouridine Cytidine ARM
recognition of a given tRNA species by its proper aminoacyl-tRNA synthase
D ARM
(2) attachments of amino acids to RNA
Adenylation
Charging
Provide specificity in joining amino acids to their RNAs
Amino Acyl tRNA Synthetase
It directs the synthesis of proteins
Ribosome
contains the peptidyl transferase center which is responsible for the formation of peptide bonds
Large subunit
contains the decoding center in which charged tRNAs read or decode the codons of mRNA
Small subunit
undergo association and dissociation during each cycle of translation
Large subunit and small subunit
Prokaryotic Ribosome = ___S
Eukaryotic Ribosome = ____S
70; 80
An mRNA bearing multiple ribosome is known as ____ or ____
Polyribosome; polysome
binding site for the first aminocylated tRNA
A-site
binding site for the first peptidyl tRNA
P-site
binding site for the first uncharged tRNA
E-site