Lesson 5- Postural Control

Question 1

What is the relationship of body segments to one another, as well as to the position of the body with reference to gravity and the base of support?

Answer 1

Alignment

Question 2

What is the point at the center of the total body mass?

Answer 2

Center of Mass (CoM)

Question 3

What is the vertical projection of the center of mass?

Answer 3

Center of Gravity (CoG)

Question 4

What is the center of the distribution of total force applied to the supporting force?

Answer 4

Center of Pressure (CoP)

Question 5

What is the biomechanical alignment of the body and the orientation of the body in the environment?

Answer 5

Posture

Question 6

What is control of the body’s position in space for orientation and stability?

Answer 6

Postural Control

Question 7

What is activity increases in antigravity muscles, which keeps the body from collapsing in response to the pull of gravity during quiet stance?

Answer 7

Postural Tone

Question 8

What is the ability to maintain an appropriate relationship between body segments, and between the body and the environment for a specific task?

Answer 8

Postural Orientation

Question 9

What is the ability to control the center of mass in relationship to the base of support?

Answer 9

Posture Stability or Balance

Question 10

What are the 6 movement strategies to maintain balance?

Answer 10

1. Control body sway
2. Feedback control
3. Feedforward (anticipatory) control
4. Anteroposterior stability
5. Lateral stability
6. Multidirectional stability

Question 11

When is controlling body sway used?

Answer 11

During quiet stance

Question 12

When is feedback control used?

Answer 12

When the support surface moves and when there are disruptions to gait

Question 13

What is synergy?

Answer 13

The functional coupling of groups of muscles that are constrained to ACT TOGETHER as a unit

Question 14

During ankle strategy… what muscles are activated?

Answer 14

opposite muscles of the direction of sway

Question 15

During hip strategy… what muscles are activated?

Answer 15

same side muscles of the direction of sway

Question 16

What is the timing for muscle activating during ankle strategy? What type of perturbations?

Answer 16

Distal to proximal

Smaller perturbations

Question 17

What is the timing for muscle activating during hip strategy? What type of perturbations?

Answer 17

Proximal to distal

Large and fast disturbance

Question 18

What is the timing of muscle activation during lateral stability?

Answer 18

proximal to distal

Question 19

Which structure is in control of adaptation?

Answer 19

Cerebellum

Question 20

Which structure is in control of basal ganglia?

Answer 20

Postural Set

Question 21

What type of input deals with the relationship of our body to objects in the environment?

Answer 21

Visual

Question 22

What type of input deals with the surface of support?

Answer 22

Somatosensory

Question 23

What type of input deals with gravity?

Answer 23

Vestibular

Question 24

What does visual input tell us?

Answer 24

The relationship of our body to objects in the environment

Question 25

What does somatosensory input tell us?

Answer 25

The position and movement about the body with reference to the BOS

Question 26

What does vestibular input tell us?

Answer 26

Position and movement of the head with respect to gravity and intertial forces