Lesson 1- Motor Control

Question 1

What is motor control?

Answer 1

The ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement.

The study of the nature of movement and how it is controlled.

Question 2

What three factors influence movement?

Answer 2

Individual
Task
Environment

Question 3

What is a movement often associated with specific activities? (eg. writing)

Answer 3

Action

Question 4

What is the integration of sensory input into meaningful information? (eg. proprioception, mass of an object, vision, etc.)

Answer 4

Perception

Question 5

What is the cognitive process that is an essential element of movement to acheive a specific goal or intent? (eg. attention, emotions, motivation, planning, problem solving, etc.)

Answer 5

Cognition

Question 6

What type of activity is driving?

Answer 6

Perception

Question 7

What type of activity is memory games?

Answer 7

Cognition

Question 8

What type of activity is studying?

Answer 8

Cognition

Question 9

What type of activity is PNF?

Answer 9

Perception

Question 10

What are the individual factors influencing movement?

Answer 10

Action
Perception
Cognition

Question 11

How are tasks organized? What are the categories?

Answer 11

According to the nature and attributes of the task.
Mobility
Stability
Manipulation

Question 12

What happens when a manipulation is present in a task?

Answer 12

It increases the demand for stability, compared to that in the absence of a manipulation.

Question 13

How can tasks be categorized?

Answer 13

Open and Closed

Question 14

What is an open movement task?

Answer 14

Requires individuals to adapt to their performance within a constantly changing and unpredictable environment.

Question 15

What is a closed task movement?

Answer 15

Relatively stereotyped, showing little variability, and performed in relatively fixed or predictable situations.

Question 16

Closed/Open? Stability/Mobility?

Sitting or standing on a nonmoving surface

Answer 16

Closed, Stability

Question 17

Closed/Open? Stability/Mobility?

Waling on a nonmoving surface

Answer 17

Closed, Mobility

Question 18

Closed/Open? Stability/Mobility?

Walking on a moving or uneven surface

Answer 18

Open, Mobility

Question 19

Closed/Open? Stability/Mobility?

Standing on a rocker board

Answer 19

Open, Stability

Question 20

What type of environments are there?

Answer 20

Regulatory, Nonregulatory

Question 21

What is regulatory environment?

Answer 21

Shapes the movement, such as the type of surface on the floor

Question 22

What is nonregulatory environment?

Answer 22

Features of the environment may influence performance but movement does not have t be dictated by these features (eg. distraction while driving)

Question 23

What is the theory of motor control?

Answer 23

a group of abstract ideas about the control of movement that describe viewpoints regarding how movement is controlled

Question 24

Why are motor control theories valuable to PT practice?

Answer 24

• provide a framework for assumption and interpretation of behavior
• provide guidelines for clinical practice
• are dynamic and changing to reflect the knowledge evolving from new ideas
• hypothesis-driven model allows for examination and development of intervention

Question 25

What is reflex theory?

Answer 25

reflexes are the basis for all movement, which could be explained by the combined action of individual reflexes chained together

Question 26

Who established reflex theory and when?

Answer 26

Sir Charles Sherrington in the early 1900’s

Question 27

What are the clinical implications of reflex theory?

Answer 27

Facilitate good reflexes and inhibit bad ones

Question 28

What are the limitations of reflex theory?

Answer 28

Volitional motion requires no stimulus, cannot explain novel movements

Question 29

What is hierarchical theory?

Answer 29

movement is controlled top-down