Lesson 5 Intigrated Pest Managment

Question 1

Describe ecosystem management and intensive forest management and what is the role of forest entomology in these two approaches to sustainable forestry?

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Answer 1

Ecosystem management is where the forest is managed for its natural ecological processes, and timber is viewed only as a single output in a dynamic system. This type of management is associated with public lands in BC.

Intensive forestry management is a capital-intensive forestry approach associated with private land holdings. These forests are generally managed on a short rotation, with management activities like optimized nursery production, thinning, pruning, veg management, fertilization etc. all these activities are capital intensive.

on public land forest entomology will be focused on protecting healthy ecosystem processes in the Ecosystem management approach. On private land, forest entomology will be focused on protection of capital investment in a forest intensive management approach.

Question 2

What are the characteristics of a late successional stand?

Answer 2

a late successional stand is characterized by recent openings in the overstory, and the growth of shade tolerant species filling these gaps. Late successional stands are multilayered, with a diverse species structure known as old growth.

Question 3

What are the differences between chronic, periodic, and latent insect pests?

Answer 3

the types of pests are classified based on the level of economic damage caused.
Latent pests DON’T cause economic damage; Periodic pests occasionally cause economic damage, and chronic pests cause damage on a yearly basis.

Question 4

What are the 4 different tactics or methods that can be used to control insect population?

Answer 4

Mechanical/ physical control: destroy insects or change their habitat. Example being removal of insect by hand.

Chemical control: insecticides used to kill insects. Has had marginal results in forestry.

Biological control: manipulation of organisms as to reduce or control populations of harmful insects. Can be more effective and economical than chemical control. Traditionally it is the removal of pests through introducing predators or parasitoids.

Integrated pest management t (IPM): utilizes all available control methods to reduce pest populations or keep them below economically damaging levels.

Question 5

What is the difference between botanicals and synthetic organic insecticides?

Answer 5

Botanicals are insecticides derived from plants. pg 481

Synthetic organic insecticides or Organochlorines are a lab formulated nerve poison

Question 6

What are insecticide formulations?

Answer 6

Formulations are the active ingredients used in a pesticide. The active ingredients are too toxic or costly to be used in pure form, so must be formulated with additional material to dilute the chemical.

Dusts are an example of insecticide formulations. These are often finely ground plant materials (wheat, soybean, walnut shells) that are mixed with the toxic active ingredient. They act as the carriers of the toxicant molecules, as it adheres to these substances.

wettable powder. The toxicant adheres to this substance much like it does dust, but has an additional component known as a wetting agent. This allows the powder to enter the water by breaking surface tension. The dilution mechanism is then water.

emulsifiable concentrates These are the most common formulation and consists of dissolved toxicants in a solvent and adding emulsifying agents. The emulsifying agent is a detergent that breaks down the water-oil interface. Mixing with water then forms the emulsion.

Question 7

What are insecticide formulations? Give 3 main examples.

pg 485

Answer 7

Formulations are a mixture of an active ingredient and a carrier. The active ingredients are too toxic or costly to be used in pure form, so must be formulated with additional material to dilute the chemical.

1. Dusts: These are often finely ground plant materials (wheat, soybean, walnut shells) that are mixed with the toxic active ingredient. They act as the carriers of the toxicant molecules, as it adheres to these substances.
2. wettable powder: toxicant adheres to this substance much like it does dust, but has an additional component known as a wetting agent. This allows the powder to enter the water by breaking surface tension.
   The dilution mechanism is then water.
3. emulsifiable concentrates: the most common formulation and consists of dissolved toxicants in a solvent and adding emulsifying agents. The emulsifying agent is a detergent that breaks down the water-oil interface. Mixing with water then forms the emulsion.

Question 8

Is sociochemical method of insect population management a form of biological control?

Answer 8

Sociochemical control methods use synthetic or natural chemicals associated with an insect’s biological cues. These include sex pheromones aggregates, repellants, or feeding deterrents. An example of sex pheromone use is the trapping of males to confuse and prevent them from finding females. An example of aggregating pheromone use is using the pheromones to perpetrate a mass attack on a host tree, which attracts the bark beetles. This tactic is used to lure them a way from suspect able stands.

because it is based on insects natural biological activity, it can be considered biological technique.

Question 9

8 different designated forest regions:

Answer 9

• Cariboo Forest Region
o 100 Mile House Forest District
o Cariboo-Chilcotin Forest District
o Quesnel Forest District

 • Kootenay/Boundary Forest Region
o Selkirk Forest District
o Rocky Mountain Forest District • Northeast Forest Region
o Fort Nelson Forest District
o Peace Forest District 

• Omineca Forest Region
o Fort St. James Forest District
o Mackenzie Forest District
o Prince George Forest District
o Vanderhoof District

• Thompson/Okanagan Forest Region
o Cascades Forest District
o Thompson Rivers Forest District
o Okanagan Shuswap Forest District

• Skeena Forest Region
o Kalum Forest District
o Nadina Forest District
o Skeena Stikine Forest District • South Coast Forest Region
o Chilliwack Forest District
o Metro Vancouver-Squamish Forest District
o Sunshine Coast Forest District

• West Coast Forest Region
o Campbell River Forest District
o Haida Gwaii Forest District
o North Island - Central Coast Forest District
o South Island Forest District