Lesson 1 Introduction to Forests

Question 1

1. What is the scientific name and tree symbol for lodgepole pine?

Answer 1

Pinus Contorta, PL

Question 2

In which Biogeoclimatic ecological zone is lodgepole pine the dominant species?

Answer 2

SBPS, Sub-boreal pine-spruce

Question 3

What is the forest health factor code for the mountain pine beetle?

Answer 3

Insect, Beetle, Mountain. IBM

Question 4

In which Biogeoclimatic zones is the mountain pine beetle rated as a high risk forest health factor?

Answer 4

CWH, ESSF, IDF, SBS, SBPS, ICH, MS

Question 5

What was the value of the bark beetle losses reported by F.C. Craighead in 1950?

Answer 5

In 1950, it was estimated that economic losses due to the bark beetle was $20 Million. Craighead’s estimations also included losses from defoliators (20 million), forest product insects (60 million), and insects that affect ornamental trees (100million).

Question 6

Which Canadian province suffered the greatest extent of damage by the western or eastern spruce budworm in 1996/97?

Answer 6

Ontario was by far the most affected province by a huge margin. 1.1 million hectares were damaged by western and eastern spruce budworm

Question 7

What four stages did forest entomology develop through?

Answer 7

• Taxonomic and natural history phase.
• divergent phase” characterized by two trains of thought. 1 train thought that abiotic or biotic factors were the main controlling factor for insect populations. The other idea was that populations were primarily density dependent.
• Ecosystem analysis phase; considered insects to be an inherent reaction to normal forest processes.
• Population modeling phase; mathematical models were used to predict future outcomes.

Question 8

What key biological/mathematical disciplines will be most important in sustainable and bio-rational pest management?

Answer 8

Population ecology landscape ecology, pollution chemistry, meteorology ethnobotany, and urban/wetland ecology all hold some value when developing the future of pest management.

Question 9

Who is considered the “father of forest entomology”?

Answer 9

J.T.C. Ratzenburg. pg 440

Question 10

When was the Division of Forest Insect Investigations set up in Canada?

Answer 10

1912, in response to multiple instances of major loss due to insects. pg 445