Lesson 5~8

Question 1

Melodic Contour

Answer 1

1. Some melodic pitches tend to sound more significant
   ex) tonic note
2. With this special ‘weighting’ of particular pitches a melody establishes a kind of framework for its contour as a ‘whole’.

Question 2

Melodic Motion & melodic character

Answer 2

Conjunct: Stepwise motion

Disjunct: Leap

Good melodies mix both

Question 3

Pitch class collection

Answer 3

• The “collection” of pitch classes that are the ultimate source of both the melodic pitches - melodic intervals
• An ordering of these pitch classes that reflects something of their relative importance in the melody (the use of tonic note)

Question 4

Scales

Answer 4

Any set of musical notes ordered by fundamental frequency or pitch

Question 5

Collections and Mode

Answer 5

Aeolian - Natural minor scale
a) Locrian - 2↓ 5↓
b) Dorian - 6↑
c) Phrygian - 2↓
Ionian - Major scale
a) Lydian - 4↑
b) Mixolydian - 7↓

Question 6

Diatonic Collection Scales

Answer 6

Major scale & natural minor scale

Question 7

Non-diatonic scales

Answer 7

1. Harmonic Minor - 7↑
2. Melodic Minor - up: 6↑ 7↑ down: natural minor scale
3. Chromatic scale - all chromatic
4. Whole-tone scale (only 1 mode)
5. Pentatonic scale - 5 pitch class collection
6. Octatonic scale - alternating semitone & whole tone (or whole tone & semitone)
7. Diminished whole-tone scale - octatonic + whole tone
   (H-W-H-W-W-W-W)

Question 8

Intervals

Answer 8

Compound intervals: Any interval larger than an octave is a compound interval

Perfect Intervals:
1 4 5 8

Imperfect Intervals:
2,3,6,7 - Major or minor

+ Augmentation & diminution

Question 9

Just Ratios & Tuning

Answer 9

Just ratio: the frequency relationship that is found to be the most acoustically satisfying tuning of a consonant interval and is expressed using whole numbers. (1:2, 3:4)

By “Adding up” the ratios of the string lengths, the upper strings will be out of tune.
Until 2 octaves, it will be precise but after that… it will be off…

Question 10

Tuning & Temperament

Answer 10

Comma - a “gap” with which twelve-pitch-class tuning systems that trade in consonant intervals must come to terms.

Pythagorean Comma: difference between interval between enharmonically equivalent notes (gap between A# and Bb)

Just intonation: smooth chords, melody notes that sound out of tune. 일단 out of tune이더라도 stringe들끼리 harmony는 맞음

Equal temperament: a tuning system in which the octave is divided into 12 semitones of equal size. Chords might sound rough cuz the notes aren’t exactly in tune.