Lesson 1 ~ 4 Flashcards
Acoustics –> Psychoacoustics in relation to music
Vibration –> Sound
Frequency –> Pitch
2 Frequencies in association: interval
2 types of intervals
Harmonic intervals: two pitches played simultaneously
Melodic intervals: two pitches played successively
Consonance & dissonance
Consonance: pleasant sounding intervals
Dissonance: unpleasant sounding intervals
Frequencies and Interval Ratios
Ratio matters in terms of relation between the pitches.
1:2 ratio of the strings is an octave difference.
Applied to frequency: different length of the strings will produce different rates of motion of vibration
Pitch class and registers
Letters:
A B C D E F G
C4 is the middle C.
Enharmonic equivalents: use of more than one “name” to identify equivalent pitch classes
Ex) Bb A#
Pitch Class
A set of all pitches that are a whole number of octaves apart.
We have 12 pitch classes
Standard Clefs
F clef - Bass clef (F3)
G clef - treble clef (G4)
C clef - Tenor clef (C4), alto clef (C4)
“Steps” and the staff
Half step: semitone apart
ex) C C#
Whole step: whole tone apart
ex) C D
Regularity in Music
Pulse: regular recurrent time interval/unit of duration in music
Beat: steadily sits underneath the sounds in a piece of music
Could have different beat but same pulse. (or have same pulse but different tempo)
Relative values of duration
“Whole Note” is given to represent a relative value of duration.
Whatever length the whole note is, “half notes” will be half the duration of a whole note.
Duration and rests
Rest: Durations of pitch inactivity
Beaming and the subdivision of the beat
Beaming:
- Beam the notes to show the grouping of the multiple consecutive notes
-Only eighth notes (quavers) or shorter can be beamed
Subdivision:
- Subdividing the beat can help to maintain the sense of regularity in timing formerly provided by the beat itself
–> it will be overwhelming if you see eight 32nd notes together lmao
Intermediate values of duration
Tie: combining two different note values (but same pitch) together
Augmentation dot: adding half the value of the original note (quarter note with dot = quarter note + eighth note)
Tuplets
Tuplet: Irregular proportional relationships that may be variously identified as “duplets” “triplets” and etc.
Tempo & types of tempo
Absolute values for duration
Slow:
- Grave (very slow)
- Largo (broad)
- Lento (slow)
- Adagio (slow, at ease)
Moderate:
- Andante (at a walking pace)
- Moderato (at a moderate pace)
Fast:
- Allegro (cheerful)
- Vivace (lively)
- Presto (very fast)
Variations:
- Accelerando: quickening
- Ritardando: slowing down
- Rubato: the tempo of the melody is flexible