Lesson 1 ~ 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Acoustics –> Psychoacoustics in relation to music

A

Vibration –> Sound
Frequency –> Pitch
2 Frequencies in association: interval

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2
Q

2 types of intervals

A

Harmonic intervals: two pitches played simultaneously
Melodic intervals: two pitches played successively

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3
Q

Consonance & dissonance

A

Consonance: pleasant sounding intervals
Dissonance: unpleasant sounding intervals

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4
Q

Frequencies and Interval Ratios

A

Ratio matters in terms of relation between the pitches.
1:2 ratio of the strings is an octave difference.
Applied to frequency: different length of the strings will produce different rates of motion of vibration

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5
Q

Pitch class and registers

A

Letters:
A B C D E F G

C4 is the middle C.

Enharmonic equivalents: use of more than one “name” to identify equivalent pitch classes

Ex) Bb A#

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5
Q

Pitch Class

A

A set of all pitches that are a whole number of octaves apart.
We have 12 pitch classes

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6
Q

Standard Clefs

A

F clef - Bass clef (F3)
G clef - treble clef (G4)
C clef - Tenor clef (C4), alto clef (C4)

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7
Q

“Steps” and the staff

A

Half step: semitone apart
ex) C C#
Whole step: whole tone apart
ex) C D

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8
Q

Regularity in Music

A

Pulse: regular recurrent time interval/unit of duration in music
Beat: steadily sits underneath the sounds in a piece of music

Could have different beat but same pulse. (or have same pulse but different tempo)

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9
Q

Relative values of duration

A

“Whole Note” is given to represent a relative value of duration.
Whatever length the whole note is, “half notes” will be half the duration of a whole note.

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10
Q

Duration and rests

A

Rest: Durations of pitch inactivity

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11
Q

Beaming and the subdivision of the beat

A

Beaming:
- Beam the notes to show the grouping of the multiple consecutive notes
-Only eighth notes (quavers) or shorter can be beamed

Subdivision:
- Subdividing the beat can help to maintain the sense of regularity in timing formerly provided by the beat itself
–> it will be overwhelming if you see eight 32nd notes together lmao

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12
Q

Intermediate values of duration

A

Tie: combining two different note values (but same pitch) together
Augmentation dot: adding half the value of the original note (quarter note with dot = quarter note + eighth note)

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13
Q

Tuplets

A

Tuplet: Irregular proportional relationships that may be variously identified as “duplets” “triplets” and etc.

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14
Q

Tempo & types of tempo

A

Absolute values for duration
Slow:
- Grave (very slow)
- Largo (broad)
- Lento (slow)
- Adagio (slow, at ease)
Moderate:
- Andante (at a walking pace)
- Moderato (at a moderate pace)
Fast:
- Allegro (cheerful)
- Vivace (lively)
- Presto (very fast)

Variations:
- Accelerando: quickening
- Ritardando: slowing down
- Rubato: the tempo of the melody is flexible

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15
Q

Types of grouping - metrical pulse

A
  1. Simple Meter
    - Duple meter (2/4, 4/4)
    - Triple meter (3/4, 3/8)
  2. Compound Meter
    - Mix (6/8, 12/8)
  3. Asymmetrical Meter
    - Random (9/8)

We can change meters in the middle of the pieces.

16
Q

Accent and Syncopation

A

Accent
We emphasize the pulse of the meter

Syncopation
Instead of adding emphasis to a pitch it deprives a pitch of the emphasis it my ordinarily receive.