Lesson 5

Question 1

Key points in Culture (Marxism and Literature) by Raymond Williams

Answer 1

-Survey of the concept of culture as patterned in the social consciousness that is historical
-The (inter)relatedness of Marxism towards cultural studies
-Society as system, Economy as the production, and culture as human faculties (labor, producer, doer)
-Hegel’s dialectic idea: the society, individual; the feudal states; the slave and master; the proletariats, bourgeois society. “The rationality of economy [is] a way of understanding and controlling a system production, distribution, and exchange.” (12)
-Understanding what culture stands for in the society: as the arts? As the system of meanings? Or as a whole way of life?
-Culture cannot be fathomed completely unless we start to examine and look at the concept of modernity, which is the civilization
-Civilizing is achieved through a secular process and historical development. (Conquest of England and France was achieved; hence, they began their metropolitan civilization)
-To resound the questions of how we examine and understand culture to the society, one’s un/consciousness must become a part of the process of cultural studies.
-Discusses the timeless conception of history, religion, into modernism and developmental perspectives.
-Civilizing imposes “two senses which were historically linked; an achieved state, which could be contrasted with barbarism, but now also an achieved state of development, which implied historical process and progress”

Question 2

What is Hegel’s dialectic idea?

Answer 2

“The rationality of economy [is] a way of understanding and controlling a system production, distribution, and exchange.”

Question 3

Culture cannot be fathomed completely unless we start to examine and look at the concept of modernity, which is the civilization (true or false)

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Civilization is achieved through what?

Answer 4

a secular process and historical development. (Conquest of England and France was achieved; hence, they began their metropolitan civilization)

Question 5

Civilization imposes:

Answer 5

Civilizing imposes “two senses which were historically linked; an achieved state, which could be contrasted with barbarism, but now also an achieved state of development, which implied historical process and progress”

Question 6

Civilization and culture according to Williams is:

Answer 6

Commonly formed as “cultivation”

Question 7

Who argued that it is the basis of an alternative sense of culture as inner or spiritual process different from the external development

Answer 7

Rousseau’s Romantic movement

Question 8

“The primary effect of the alternative was to associate culture with religion, art, the family, and personal life, as distinct from or actually opposed to ‘civilization’ or ‘society’ in its new abstract and general sense”

Answer 8

Rousseau’s Romantic movement

Question 9

To associate culture to the arts, religions, practices, values, it is…

Answer 9

therefore problematic to relate it to the society

Question 10

Civilization and Culture tend to overlap each other (true or false)

Answer 10

True

(Civilization and culture are starting to overlap each other as both concepts start to increase its retrospectives, and concepts of civilization and culture become a continuous process.)

Question 11

The concepts of culture and civilization become a continuous process (true or false)

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Both the secular sense of culture and civilization is an () (16), not only to understand it but ()

Answer 12

“interpretation of human development” ; “to build human social order”

Question 13

The plurality of culture must be acknowledged to specifically recognize “the complexity and variability of its shaping force”
(T or f)

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Culture as a language is

Answer 14

shaped to specialize its inner process, as it plays a role intently in the definition of human sciences and social sciences.

Question 15

What has intently occurred as the juncture of culture and civilization is its relation to society?

Answer 15

Intervention of Marxism

Question 16

The decisive intervention of Marxism was…

Answer 16

The analysis of civil society

Question 17

“Here the decisive intervention of Marxism was the analysis of ‘civil society’, and what within its terms was known as civilization, as a specific historical form: bourgeois society as created by the capitalist mode of production.”

“Bourgeois society and capitalist production were at once heavily attacked and seen as historically progressive… (true or false)

Answer 17

True

Question 18

It brings not only development but destruction

Answer 18

“Civilization had produced not only wealth, order, and refinement, but as part of the same process, poverty, disorder, and degradation. It was attacked for its ‘artificiality’-its glaring contrasts with a ‘natural’ or ‘human’ order.”

Question 19

Another intervention of Marxism in the conception of culture is its inclusion throughout the history

Answer 19

“Marx’s own history of capitalism” is the history that excludes from the history of religion and state

Question 20

Society as (), Economy as the (), and culture as (_)

Answer 20

System ; production ; human faculties(labor, producer, doer)