lesson 5 Flashcards
- 2 parents
- Sex cells: sperm and egg
- Sperm and egg join= fertilization
- Offspring look different from parent (mixed DNA)
- Examples
Humans, some plants, mammals, fish, reptiles, etc
Sexual Reproduction
- One parent
- No sex cells
- Offspring produced by cell division
- Offspring identical to parent (same DNA)
- Several types in plants and animals
asexual reproduction
plants and animals reproduce by —— and ——- reproduction
asexual and sexual reproduction.
All living things eventually:
die
All living things eventually:
die
All living things eventually:
die
If living organisms stopped reproducing,
life would cease to exist.
Nature ensures that life continues in every type of living organism through the process of ———–
reproduction.
is the process by which organisms produce offspring
reproduction.
Most plants reproduce ——— through various means
asexually
They reproduce through their stems, roots, and leaves
Asexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
This can occur either naturally or artificially with the aid of humans.
Asexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
runner, bulb, tuber, rhizome, corm
natural vegetative propagation
It is often faster than growing plants from seeds.
Artificial Propagation Methods
Farmers ———- plants by using a piece of plant material.
propagate
- leaves, stems or roots are cut from one plant, planted in soil, and used to grow new individuals
cutting-
small stems from one plant are attached to larger stems or roots of another plant
budding and grafting-
- pieces of tissues from one plant are placed on a sterile medium and used to grow new plants.
tissue culture
This involves the fusion of sex cells from parent plants
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
This happens in the sexual organs of flowering plants, which are contained in the flower
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Most plants are hermaphrodites
(has both male and female sex organs).
- male reproductive part
stamen
- produces pollen that contains male sex cells
anther
- holds up the anther
filament
-female reproductive part
pistil
-top part of the pistil that has a sticky surface to trap pollen
stigma
joins the stigma and the ovary
style-
-contains the female sex cells called ovules
ovary
.-the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma
Pollination
Pollination;
self pollination; cross pollination
when pollen is carried from the anther to the stigma of the same plant
self pollination
- when pollen is carried to the stigma of another plant
cross-pollination
- when the pollen tube bursts and releases the male gamete, which then fuses with the female gamete
Fertilization
seeds together with its fruit are carried away from a parent plant
seed Dispersal-
Seed Dispersal occurs by;
wind, water, animal or explosion
when seed, sometimes with its fruit, lands on the ground, it breaks through the seed coat and grows to form a new plant
Germination-
- Organism divides in half
- 2 identical daughter cells produced
- Daughter cells are half the parent’s size
- Daughter cells grow, then divide too
- In bacteria, amoeba, or paramecium(unicellular)
Binary Fission
- Small bud grows out of parent cell
- Two different sized cells made (with identical DNA)
- Bud breaks off and grows
- In yeast and hydra (multicellular)
budding
- Repair/ grow lost body parts
- Left over cells divide to make more cells
- Lobsters, starfish, lizards (multicellular)
Regeneration/
Fragmentation
: the primary goal of sexual reproduction is to merge
the sperm cell and the egg cell of the male and female organisms to produce
an offspring.
Fertilization
This trait is advantageous for an animal that rarely meets and mates with members of its own species
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
;can either have their eggs fertilized by another organism of their own kind or fertilize their own( simple vertebrates, earthworms, and some fishes)
Hermaphrodites
Some animals possess both male and female organs, making them;
Hermaphrodites
