Lesson 5 Flashcards
According to him, man is nothing but what he makes of himself.
Jean Paul Sartre
It is absolute
Freedom
The reality of man is being totally ___
free
All events, including human action, are ultimately determined by causes to external to human will.
Determinism
Freedom and responsibility
Existentialism
Harvard psychologist who was the most popular proponent of the science of behaviorism.
B.F Skinner
He famously claimed that human freedom is nothing but our ignorance of the basic laws of nature
B.F Skinner
It is an illusion
Freedom
Is what creates the human being
Environment
In the book __ ___, Skinner thought of making a set of people as variables in a scientific experiment. The recurrence of any behavior can be increased or decreased.
Walden Two
For him, it is the environment that forms human nature. The basic idea here for Skinner is to control the environment in order to achieve the desired results.
Skinner
He explains Skinner’s position: The power of conditioning has been frequently substantiated by research in both human and intra-human levels.
John Kavanaugh
can mold a group’s reaction
Reinforcement
Human reactions and behaviors seem to be extremely ___
manipulable
Skinner’s view is clearly ___
Deterministic
His stimulus-response theory is a matter of cause and effect. In his experiment, the reaction of any organism to stimuli is a result of ___ ___
Controlled behavior
He explains that it would seem that determinism as a scientific method has a great deal to offer us in helping us understand how one’s historicity influences one’s behavior.
John Kavanaugh
Man’s absolute freedom or his capacity to make choices, according to Sartre’s view is his ____
identity
Man’s ____ _____ or his capacity to make choices, according to this view is his identity
absolute freedom
Makes the human situation as its starting point
Existentialism
In order to answer this, Sartre mentions in Being and Nothingness the three types of being
Is man free to do everything he wants?
Three types of being
En-soi, pour-soi, pour-autrui
In itself
En-soi
for itself
pour-soi
for others
pour-autrui
Refers to that which is static and self-contained
being-in-itself
Is truly dynamic and reflexive. It is not fixed
being-for-itself
Man has a ____
choice
Constitutes the individual’s dignity as a person
Free Choice
Without taking any risk, there is __ ____ for man
no future
Creates not only for his individuality but the individuality of the whole humanity.
Man
Is one that all of us must accomplish with a deep sense of anguish, for in this finite act we are responsible not only for ourselves but also for others
act of choosing
This is doing the right thing and exercising our freedom in a responsible manner
Positive Freedom
It is considered negative because you failed to use freedom in a responsible manner
Negative Freedom
For Kavanaugh, our __ __ helps determine the meaning of one’s life
Social Existence
He argues that there is no unencumbered self.
Michael Sandel
Kavanaugh maintains that “often the values which emerge from one’s own happiness will be quite close to the values and structured systems imposed by the ___ ___ of other human beings who are already here before us.
status quo
Being a ___ means being in search for that authentic self
subject
It is freedom. The essential meaning of this is that the person possesses the intrinsic capacity to look into the core of his being and ask himself questions about the truth of his life
Subjectivity
The __ __ ____ on the part of others may misconstrue the condition of human finitude
act of resignation
For the French philosopher, ___ ___, absurdity is the confrontation between two ideals.
Albert Camus
Is the confrontation between two ideals. Man’s is thus confronted by clarity, on one hand, and the cold, uncaring universe on the other.
Absurdity
The only way forward is for man to actually make a choice. Name the three choice.
Suicide, a leap of faith, or recognition
In ____, one simply chooses an easy way out.
suicide
A ___ __ ___ for Camus is just a way of escaping the absurd. It defies human rationality and simple defers to abstraction. It mutes personal experience.
leap of faith
The only authentic course for man, Camus maintains, is the _____ of his own absurd condition.
recognition
The only way out for a man is this:
to think, to choose, and to decide for oneself
