Lesson 4 - Types Of Validity

Question 1

internal/experimental validity definition

Answer 1

the manner in which variables that influence both the results of the research and the generalisability to the population at large

Question 2

factors reducing internal/exp validity

Answer 2

-investigator effect
-demand characteristics
-confounding variables
-social desirability bias
-lack of operationalisation

Question 3

investigator effects

Answer 3

occurs when a researcher unintentionally or unconsciously influences the outcome of any research they’re conducting

Question 4

demand characteristics

Answer 4

cues that might indicate the aim of the study to Ps

Question 5

confounding variables

Answer 5

may distort or mask the effects of another variable on the topic in question

Question 6

social desirability bias

Answer 6

a type of response bias that occurs when survey respondents provide answers according to society’s expectations

Question 7

lack of operationalisation

Answer 7

a lack of defining an abstract concept into a measurable observation

Question 8

concurrent validity

Answer 8

a way of establishing the internal validity of a new test- compare scores , if +0.8 test had high internal validity

Question 9

face validity

Answer 9

a way to measure if the test or measuring instrument is measuring what it should
-involves a quick look over the questions

Question 10

how to improve concurrent validity

Answer 10

remove questions that seem irrelevant or ambiguous

Question 11

how to improve face validity

Answer 11

examining questions - decide of Qs are a good measure of the topic being investigated - rewrite Qs

Question 12

how to reduce investigator effects

Answer 12

double blind procedures and remove investigator from room

Question 13

how to reduce demand characteristics

Answer 13

double blind trials
use deception
single blind procedure

Question 14

how to reduce confounding variables

Answer 14

lab exp= high ctrl
use pilot study to find variables you need to ctrl

Question 15

external validity definition

Answer 15

factors outside of research finding how well results from one study can be generalised to other situations and people

Question 16

ecological validity

Answer 16

assessing the validity of a study’s findings based on the environment or setting in which the study took place

Question 17

temporal validity

Answer 17

refers to the validity of the findings in relation to progression of time

Question 18

assessing external validity

Answer 18

-meta analysis
-consider the environment(ideally naturalistic)
-should have high mundane realism
- keeping demand characteristics low

Question 19

improving external validity

Answer 19

• double blind procedure
  -single blind procedure
  -instead of a lab , do a naturalistic setting - field exp (covert observation)