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Bio 11 > Lesson 4 - The Cell > Flashcards

Lesson 4 - The Cell Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by an inner and outer membrane.

A

True

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2
Q

Give the 2 organelles where genes are contained in besides the nucleus.

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts

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3
Q

Which organelle refers to the network of intermediate filaments which mechanically support the nuclear membrane?

A

nuclear lamina

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4
Q

How is chromatin formed?

A

Chromatin is formed by the coalescence of DNA and histones.

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5
Q

Which organelle is the site for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis?

A

nucleolus

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6
Q

It refers to the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins.

A

translation

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7
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
Cell types that synthesize large quantities of proteins have large numbers of ribosomes and prominent nucleoli.

A

True

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8
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
The endoplasmic reticulum membrane is continuous with the nuclear envelope.

A

True

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9
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
Cisternal lumen is continuous with the space between 2 membranes of nuclear envelope.

A

True

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10
Q

Enumerate the 6 components of the endomembrane system.

A
  • nuclear envelope
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • golgi apparatus
  • lysosome
  • vacuoles/vesicles
  • plasma membrane
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11
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is abundant in cells that secrete proteins.

A

True

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12
Q

Which organelle synthesizes lipids, oil, phospholipids, and steroids?

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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13
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
The golgi apparatus is abundant in cells specialized for secretion of glycoprotein.

A

True

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14
Q

Give the two sides of the golgi apparatus.

A

cis and trans sides

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15
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
Lysosome enzymes work best at pH 5.

A

True

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16
Q

Which term refers to the recycling process that renews the cell?

A

autophagy

17
Q

Give the 3 types of vacuoles and their respective functions.

A
  • food vacuole - fuses with lysosomes
  • contractile vacuole - pump excess water out of the cell in freshwater protists
  • central vacuole
18
Q

It is the membrane surrounding the central vacuole.

A

tonoplast

19
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
The tonoplast contains glycolipids.

A

True

20
Q

Give the functions of the central vacuole.

A
  • stockpiling proteins or inorganic ions
  • depositing metabolic byproducts
  • storing pigments
  • storing defensive compounds against herbivores
21
Q

Which organelle refers to membrane bound sacs with varied functions?

A

vesicles and vacuoles

22
Q

Which organelle generates ATP from catabolism of sugars, fats, and other fuels in the presence of oxygen.

A

mitochondria

23
Q

Which organelle converts solar energy to chemical energy and synthesizes new organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water?

A

chloroplasts

24
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have small quantities of DNA that direct synthesis of polypeptides in their internal ribosomes.

A

True

25
Q

It refers to the highly folded inner membrane of mitochondria.

A

cristae

26
Q

It refers to the fluid-filled space with DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes on the inner membrane of mitochondria.

A

mitochondrial matrix

27
Q

Which organelle is one of the several members of a generalized class of plant structures called plastids?

A

chloroplast

28
Q

Give the functions of amyloplasts and chromoplasts.

A
  • amyloplasts - stores starch
  • chromoplasts - stores pigments such as carotene
29
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
Chloroplasts reproduce by pinching into 2.

A

True

30
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are mobile and move around the cell along the tracks of the cytoskeleton.

A

True

31
Q

It is the innermost membrane of the chloroplast which contains DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes.

A

stroma

32
Q

It refers to the membranous flattened sac inside in the chloroplast which is critical for converting light to chemical energy.

A

thylakoid

33
Q

Which organelle generates and degrades hydrogen peroxide in performing various metabolic functions?

A

peroxisomes

34
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
Peroxisomes are formed by the incorporation of proteins and lipids in the cytosol.

A

True

35
Q

Which organelle refers to the network of fibers which organizes structures and activities in the cell.

A

cytoskeleton

36
Q

Give the three components of the cytoskeleton.

A
  • microtubules
  • intermediate filaments
  • microfilaments
37
Q

Which organelle moves chromosomes during cell division?

A

microtubules

Bio 11 (8 decks)

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