Lesson 4 - The Cell Flashcards
TRUE or FALSE:
The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by an inner and outer membrane.
True
Give the 2 organelles where genes are contained in besides the nucleus.
mitochondria and chloroplasts
Which organelle refers to the network of intermediate filaments which mechanically support the nuclear membrane?
nuclear lamina
How is chromatin formed?
Chromatin is formed by the coalescence of DNA and histones.
Which organelle is the site for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis?
nucleolus
It refers to the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins.
translation
TRUE or FALSE:
Cell types that synthesize large quantities of proteins have large numbers of ribosomes and prominent nucleoli.
True
TRUE or FALSE:
The endoplasmic reticulum membrane is continuous with the nuclear envelope.
True
TRUE or FALSE:
Cisternal lumen is continuous with the space between 2 membranes of nuclear envelope.
True
Enumerate the 6 components of the endomembrane system.
- nuclear envelope
- endoplasmic reticulum
- golgi apparatus
- lysosome
- vacuoles/vesicles
- plasma membrane
TRUE or FALSE:
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is abundant in cells that secrete proteins.
True
Which organelle synthesizes lipids, oil, phospholipids, and steroids?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
TRUE or FALSE:
The golgi apparatus is abundant in cells specialized for secretion of glycoprotein.
True
Give the two sides of the golgi apparatus.
cis and trans sides
TRUE or FALSE:
Lysosome enzymes work best at pH 5.
True
Which term refers to the recycling process that renews the cell?
autophagy
Give the 3 types of vacuoles and their respective functions.
- food vacuole - fuses with lysosomes
- contractile vacuole - pump excess water out of the cell in freshwater protists
- central vacuole
It is the membrane surrounding the central vacuole.
tonoplast
TRUE or FALSE:
The tonoplast contains glycolipids.
True
Give the functions of the central vacuole.
- stockpiling proteins or inorganic ions
- depositing metabolic byproducts
- storing pigments
- storing defensive compounds against herbivores
Which organelle refers to membrane bound sacs with varied functions?
vesicles and vacuoles
Which organelle generates ATP from catabolism of sugars, fats, and other fuels in the presence of oxygen.
mitochondria
Which organelle converts solar energy to chemical energy and synthesizes new organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water?
chloroplasts
TRUE or FALSE:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have small quantities of DNA that direct synthesis of polypeptides in their internal ribosomes.
True
It refers to the highly folded inner membrane of mitochondria.
cristae
It refers to the fluid-filled space with DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes on the inner membrane of mitochondria.
mitochondrial matrix
Which organelle is one of the several members of a generalized class of plant structures called plastids?
chloroplast
Give the functions of amyloplasts and chromoplasts.
- amyloplasts - stores starch
- chromoplasts - stores pigments such as carotene
TRUE or FALSE:
Chloroplasts reproduce by pinching into 2.
True
TRUE or FALSE:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are mobile and move around the cell along the tracks of the cytoskeleton.
True
It is the innermost membrane of the chloroplast which contains DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes.
stroma
It refers to the membranous flattened sac inside in the chloroplast which is critical for converting light to chemical energy.
thylakoid
Which organelle generates and degrades hydrogen peroxide in performing various metabolic functions?
peroxisomes
TRUE or FALSE:
Peroxisomes are formed by the incorporation of proteins and lipids in the cytosol.
True
Which organelle refers to the network of fibers which organizes structures and activities in the cell.
cytoskeleton
Give the three components of the cytoskeleton.
- microtubules
- intermediate filaments
- microfilaments
Which organelle moves chromosomes during cell division?
microtubules
