LESSON 4 - Text Structure and Language Use Flashcards
-The arrangement of and
relations between the parts of elements
of something complex.
-The way that something is built,
arranged, or organized.
Structure
THE THREE-PART ESSAY STRUCTURE
INTRODUCTION
BODY (The Heart of the Essay)
CONCLUSION (The Mirror Image)
Its purpose is to clearly tell the reader the
topic, purpose, and the structure of the paper.
INTRODUCTION
opening statement that grabs the
attention of the reader. It can be a quote, a
tagline, a line from a song, or even a question.
Hook
It is your overall theme of
the text or the point/s that you are trying to
make as a writer. It is normally written after
hook.
Background points
a statement that states the
main idea of the written text.
Thesis Statement
It may elaborate directly on the topic
sentence by giving definitions, classifications,
explanations, contrasts, examples, and
evidence.
BODY (The Heart of the Essay)
Topic Sentence 1
Supporting Fact 1
Supporting Fact 2
Transition Sentence (Transition to the Topic
Sentence 2…)
BODY (Outline)
a sentence that expresses
the main idea of the paragraph.
Topic Sentence
uses transition words
such as “however, so, additionally…” going to
conclusion part.
Transition sentence
Begins by briefly summarizing the main
scope or structure of the paper. Confirms the
topic that was given in the introduction and ends
with a more general statement about how this
topic relates to its context.
CONCLUSION (The Mirror Image)
is a process of systematic
inquiry that entails collection of data;
documentation of critical information; and
analysis and interpretation of that
data/information, in accordance with suitable
methodologies set by specific professional fields
and academic disciplines.
Research
Research is conducted to…
- Evaluate the validity of a hypothesis or
an interpretive framework. - To assemble a body of substantive
knowledge and findings for sharing them
in appropriate manners. - To help generate questions for further
inquiries.
IMRaD Structure
- INTRODUCTION (What questions were
asked?) - METHODS (How was it studied?)
- RESULTS (What was found?)
AND - DISCUSSION (What do the findings
mean?)
Parts of Introduction (IMRAD)
T- Title Page
B- Background of the Study-
S- Statement of the Problem-
T- Thesis Statement-
S- Scope and Delimitation-
S- Significance of the study-
L- Literature Review-
contains the title of your
research paper.
Title Page-
is a short description of the context of your
research. It contains the rationale or
your justifications or reasons as to why
you decided to conduct the study.
Background of the Study-
is a statement that describes the issue that
you want to address.
Statement of the Problem-
contains statement or sentence that shows the claim of the
author in the study. It asserts the
position that your paper will be taking.
Thesis Statement-
states the coverage and parameters of your
research.
Scope and Delimitation-
states the significance of the research that you are
conducting.
Significance of the study-
you will include here some previous research or studies that will support your research. It can be a local study or a foreign study.
Literature Review-
Parts of Methods (IMRAD)
D- Design
C- Conceptual Framework-
D- Definition of Terms
I- Instrument-
P- Participants-
P- Procedure-
D- Data Analysis-
refers to the research design
you will choose for your research
such as Case Study, Ethnography,
Phenomenology, Historical Analysis,
Action Research, Grounded Theory,
etc.
Design
shows the flow of your study. It includes
essential information or variables of
your research and shows how they
are related to each other.
Conceptual Framework-
are optional depending on the research
you will have. It is a section where
you define the jargons that you used
in your research.
Definition of Terms
refers to any tool that
you may use to collect or obtain
data.
Instrument-
you will include here a
description of your target
participants.
Participants-
contains the step-by-
step process of how the data will be gathered and interpreted.
Procedure-
is the process of systematically applying statistical
and/or logical techniques to
describe and illustrate, condense
and recap, and evaluate data.
Data Analysis-
It refers to the appropriateness of the word/vocabulary use.
Language Use
is usually used in writing to family, friends, and colleagues.
Informal language
is used in writing academic, business, and official text.
Formal language
Tips for proper use of language:
- Use clear and concise sentences.
- Avoid redundancies, wordiness, cliches, and highfalutin language.
- Use precise and clear words and vocabulary.
- Be consistent with your pronoun’s point
of view.
