Lesson 4: Regular -ar Verbs in the Present Flashcards
Cuban
cubano
Dominican
dominicano
Puerto Rican
puertorriqueño
North American
norteamericano
Mexican
mexicano
Guatemalan
guatemalteco
Salvadoran
salvadoreño
Honduran
hondureño
Nicaraguan
nicaraguense
Costa Rican
costarricense
Panamanian
panameño
Venezuelan
venezolano
Colombian
colombiano
Equadorian
ecuatoriano
Peruvian
peruano
Bolivian
boliviano
Chilean
chileno
Paraguayan
paraguayo
Argentine
argentino
Uraguayan
uruguayo
Spainard
español
coffee
El café
worker
el trabajador
to speak/to talk
hablar
to dance
bailar
to take/to drink
tomar
to help
ayudar
to buy
comprar
to prepare
preparar
to hear
escuchar
to travel
viajar
to work
trabajar
to arrive
llegar
to study
estudiar
to sing
cantar
to cook
cocinar
to indicate
indicar
to order
ordenar
to dedicate
dedicar
strong
fuerte
selfish
egoísta
hard-working
trabajador
talkative
hablador
ideal
ideal
timid
tímido
terrible
terrible
phenomenal
fenomenal
patient
paciente
impatient
impaciente
happy
contento
famous
famoso
formal
formal
informal
informal
good
bueno
bad
malo
a lot
mucho
many
muchos
little
poco
few
pocos
What is the present tense used for? (5 situations)
- Things that are generally true (We eat fruit every day.)
- Things that are true now (I am reading my book./They live in Mexico.)
- Things that happen all the time or habits (She runs 10 kilometers every week.)
- To talk about current activities that may not be happening right now (She works in an office.)
- To talk about things you are planning to do (On Saturday we are going to the beach.)
On Saturday we are going to the beach.
El sábado vamos a la playa.
Today is Tuesday.
Hoy es martes.
She runs 10 kilometers every week.
Ella corre 10 kilómetros cada semana.
They live in Mexico.
Viven en México.
I am reading my book.
Leo mi libro.
We eat fruit every day.
Comemos fruta todos los días.
What are the potential meanings of ayudamos? (4)
- We help
- We do help
- We are helping
- We are going to help (in some contexts)
When do you have to use a subject pronoun (yo, tú, él, ella, usted, nosotros, nosotras, ellos, ellas, ustedes) before verbs (2 situations) and why? Given an example using ayudar.
- You use the subject pronoun before verbs when using the third person singular and plural (él, ella, usted, ellos, ellas, ustedes) because there can be many possible subjects for those verb forms.
Examples using ayudar:
él ayuda- he helps, he does help, he is helping
ella ayuda- she helps, she does help, she is helping
usted ayuda- you help, you do help, you are helping
ellos ayudan- they help, they do help, they are helping
ellas ayudan- they help, they do help, they are helping
ustedes ayudan- you (plural) help, you do help, you are helping
- You use the subject pronoun to emphasize the subject.
Example: If all of the people around you are saying they don’t study much, and you do, it would be appropriate to say, “yo estudio mucho,” emphasizing, “I do study a lot.”
What are the forms of masculine adjectives ending in -dor (use hablador (talkative) as an example)
- hablador
- habladora
- habladores
- habladoras
For adjectives of nationality that end in a consonant, how many forms are there and what are they for “francés” (French)
- francés
- francesa
- franceses
- francesas
What types of adjectives (suffixes, etc) have 4 forms? And what are they? (3 types)
- adjectives ending with “-o” (-o, -os, -a, -as)
- adjectives ending with “-dor” (hablador, habladora, habladores, habladoras)
- adjectives that express nationality ending with a consonant (francés, francesa, franceses, francesas)
What are the forms (suffixes) of adjectives ending in “-dor”?
- -dor
- -dora
- -dores
- -doras
How do you modify a noun using an adjective?
You place the adjective behind the noun being modified.
(ex: Las doctoras ideales)
How do you modify a noun using more than one adjective?
You put the adjectives after the noun being modified and put “y” between them.
(ex: El pianista famoso y egoísta)
Which adjectives can be placed before or after the modified noun? And in what situations do you have to modify the form of those adjectives
- bueno y malo
- before masculine nouns, both bueno and malo drop the “-o”
(ex: el buen hombre; el mal día)
Which adjectives precede the modified noun as a rule?
Adjectives of quantity precede the modified noun.
(ex: mucho comida; muchos estudiantes; poca agua; pocos trabajadores)
When do you use the “rr” sound when pronouncing words in Spanish? (5 situations)
- when the word has the letter combination “rr” (ex: carro)
- when the word starts with “r” (ex: Raúl)
- after the letter “L” (ex: alrededor)
- after the letter “N” (ex: Enrique)
- after the letter “S” (Israel)
When is the letter “d” pronounced with a “th” sound?
When the “d” comes after a vowel (David)
