Lesson 4: Evaluation of the Multi-Store Model (AO3)

Question 1

Explain the study involving HM, conducted by Scoville (1957).

Answer 1

• supporting neurobiological evidence
• attempted to treat HM’s epilepsy
• removed several brain areas, inc. hippocampus
• HM unable to code new LT memories, STM was unaffected
• supports idea of separate and distinct STM and LTM

Question 2

Explain the study involving KF, conducted by Shallice and Warrington (1970).

Answer 2

• supporting neurobiological evidence
• case study of KF who was in a motorcycle accident
• KF had reduced STM to 1 or 2 items, LTM was unaffected
• KF had poor STM for verbal but not visual tasks
• KF was able to access LTM without difficult

Question 3

What does KF’s study say about the MSM?

Answer 3

• supports idea of separate STM and LTM
• however, it suggests there are more than one type of STM (poor verbal STM, good visual STM)
• contradicts the model bc LTM should be retrieved by STM (he was able to access LTM with ease)

Question 4

What did Murdock’s (1962) experiment involve?

Answer 4

• supporting laboratory experiment

- ‘free recall’ presented participants with a long list of words to recall in any order

Question 5

What were the results of Murdock’s (1962) experiment?

Answer 5

• ‘Serial Position Effect’

- words at the beginning and at the end of the lists were recalled better than the middle words

Question 6

What is the primary effect?

Answer 6

• words at the beginning of the list are better recalled bc of constant rehearsal
• they are transferred into the LTM

Question 7

What is the recency effect?

Answer 7

• words at the end of the list are better recalled bc they are still in the STM

Question 8

What does the primary and the recency effect show?

Answer 8

• supports the idea of separte and distinct STM and LTM