Lesson 3: Multi-Store Model of Memory (AO1) Flashcards
Who developed the multi-store model of memory (MSM)?
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
What does the MSM show?
- attempts to explain how information flows from one memory store to another
- three permanent stores are Sensory Register, STM, LTM
Where does the information in the SR come from according to the MSM?
- environmental stimuli is received through the senses
How is information stored in the SR according to the MSM?
- separate sensory stores for each sensory input
e. g. iconic store for visual input, echoic store for auditory
What is the capacity and duration of the SR?
- capacity: unlimited
- duration: 250 milliseconds
How is information lost in the SR according to the MSM?
- information needs to be attended to for further processing
- if not, information is lost due to decay
How is information coded in the STM?
- acoustically (according to sound)
- similar-sounding words can be confused
What is the capacity and duration of the STM?
- capacity: 7(+/-)2 pieces of information
- duration: 18-30 seconds
How is information kept and lost in the STM according to the MSM?
- maintenance rehearsal (repeatedly verbalising/thinking about the information)
- elaborative rehearsal (organisation in a meaningful way) - transferred to LTM
- without rehearsal, information is lost due to decay
How is information coded in the LTM?
- semantically (in a meaningful way)
- similar meaning words can be confused
What is the capacity and duration of the LTM?
- capacity: potentially infinite
- duration: potentially a lifetime
- neither category can be accurately measured
How is information accessed from the LTM according to the MSM?
- when needed it is retrieved by the STM and then recalled
- information sometimes can’t be recalled bc of retrieval failure
- retrieval cues are needed to help access information
