Lesson 4: Defining Culture and Society from the Perspectives of Anthropology and Sociology Flashcards
group of people living together in a definite territory, having a sense of belongingness, muktually interdependent of each other and follows a certain way of life
Society
defined culuture as a complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and share as a member of society
Edward B Taylor
defined culture as the sum of symbols, ideas, forms of expressions and material products associated with social system
Allan G. Johnson
he states that Culture is an organized body of conventional understanding manifested in art and artifacts persisting through tradition
Robert Redfield
According to them Death and the belief in the soul and the spirits play important roles in this perspective. Give what is this perspective
Edward Burnett Tylor, Johan Jakob Bachofen and James G. Frazer
The Evolutionist-Intellectual Perspective
They investigated the mechanics by societies sustain and reproduce themselves. Give what perspective is this
Emile Durkheim and his followers (Robert Hertz and Marcell Mauss)
The French Sociology School
Relationships between the parts of the society: How aspects of society are functional (adaptive)
Functionalism
Competition for scarce resources; How the elite control the poor and weak
Conflict Theory
Use of symbols; Face-to-Face interactions
Symbolic Interactionism
It is what a person has, does and thinks as part of society. This implies all of persons belief system, set of behaviors and material possessions.
Culture is Everything
includes all tangible parts of culture, which consists of clothes, foods and even buildings
Material Culture
includes all intangible parts of culture, which consist of values, idea and knowledge
Nonmaterial Culture
culture is set of beliefs, attitudes and practices that an individual learns through his or her family, school, church and other social institutions
Culture is learned
process of learning your own culture
Enculturation
process of accommodating desirable traits from other culture
Acculturation
culture has been lost and even cultural traits itself is in the process of being forgotten
Deculturation
this implies that a particular behavior cannot be considered as culture if there is only one person practicing it.
Culture is shared
Humans are born into cultures that have values on beauty and body. As such, they alter bodies to fit physiological norms that are dictated by their culture
Culture affects biology
Culture is a tool for survival that humans use in response to the pressures of their environment
Culture is adaptive
Culture can also cause problems for the people who subscribe to it. These problems arise when environment is change and culture ha remained the same
Culture is maladaptive
The final characteristics of culture it is never static. This dynamism of culture is due to changing needs of humans as they interpret and survive in their environment
Culture changes
