Lesson 3: Nature, Goals and Perspective of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science Flashcards
discipline under which identity, culture, society, and politics are studies
are comprised of a wide array of disciplines that study the overall function id a society and interactions among individual members of an institution
Social Science
Anthropology is derived from two Greek words ______ which means study and “anthropo” which means _____
logos, man
Sociology was derived from two terms; “logos” which means ______ or ______; and “________” which means group or partners
Sociology
behavioral science that deals with the study of society
the origin, evolution, characteristics, and functions dimensions, and basis social functions are studied here
Sociology
deals with the study of politics or government
it also deals with the foundations of the state and the principles of government
Political Science
political power is vested in the people, either directly or through elected representatives
Democracy
people directly govern themselves
Direct Democracy
citizens select representatives to rule the government
Elected Representative Democracy
political power is concentrated in the hands of a single ruler, often a king, queen, emperor or empress, usually inherited position
Monarchy
complete control is in the monarchy
Absolute
ruled by monarch whose power is limited as monarch is just a role, not functional
Constitutional
characterized by a rejection of political plurality, the use of stong Central power to preserve the political status, and reductions in democracy, separation of powers
Authoritarian
the state owns the means of production and there is no private ownership of property
in theory, it seeks to create a classless stateless society
Communism
the head of state is elected, usually through a form of representative democracy
it often involves a set of laws that define the structure of government and protect the rights of citizens
Republic
responsible for implementing and enforcing laws
Executive
body that creates, amends, and passes laws
it can be unicameral or bicameral
Legislative
interprets the laws and ensures that they are applied fairly
Judiciary
the system of government organizations that implement public policies
its made up of non-elected officials and personnel
Bureaucracy
the government often regulates or oversees the economy, setting policies on tradem taxes, and business practices
Economic System
the government often has a role in establishing and funding education, setting standards, and regulating schools
Education System
includes court and law enforcement, is typically operated by the government, which enforces laws and resolves disputes
Legal System
in democratic systems, the media plays a critical role in holding the government accounted
in authoritarian systems, this is often controlled by the state
Media
