Lesson 4 Cell Structure and Organization, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells, Evolution by endosymbiosis

Question 1

single-celled organisms that are lacking a nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles, they are the earliest and most primitive forms of life on earth

Answer 1

Prokaryotes

Question 2

additional outer covering protects the cell when it is engulfed by other organisms

Answer 2

Capsule

Question 3

an outer covering that protects the bacterial cell and gives it shape.

Answer 3

Cell Wall

Question 4

gel-like substance composed mainly of water that also contains enzymes, salts, cell components, and various organic molecules.

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

surrounds the cell’s cytoplasm and regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell

Answer 5

Cell Membrane

Question 6

Hair-like structures on the surface of the cell that attach to other bacterial cells.

Answer 6

Pili (Pilus singular

Question 7

long, whip-like protrusions that aid in cellular locomotion.

Answer 7

Flagella

Question 8

cell structures responsible for protein production

Answer 8

Ribosomes

Question 9

are gene-carrying, circular DNA structures that are not involved in reproduction.

Answer 9

Plasmids

Question 10

Area of the cytoplasm that contains the single bacterial DNA molecule.

Answer 10

Nucleoid Region

Question 11

consists of a well-organized, membrane-bound nucleus and organelles

Answer 11

EUKARYOTIC CELL

Question 12

states that mitochondria and chloroplasts, organelles found in many types of organisms, have their origin in bacteria.

Answer 12

Endosymbiotic theory