Lesson 4: Body System Gstro- Intest No Word Parts Flashcards
Gastrointestinal Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts
adhesion
abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are separate
anorexia nervosa
eating disorder characterized by a prolonged refusal to eat
bulimia nervosa
eating disorder characterized by gorging with food, followed by induced vomiting and/or laxative abuse
cirrhosis
chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue
Crohn’s disease
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and characterized by ulceration and the formation of scar tissue that may lead to intestinal obstruction
duodenal ulcer
ulcer in the duodenum
gastric ulcer
ulcer in the stomach
gastroesophageal reflux disease
GERD
the abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus
hemochromatosis
an iron metabolism disorder that occurs when too much iron is absorbed from food
hemorrhoid
varicose vein in the rectal area
ileus
obstruction of the intestine
intussusception
telescoping, or folding in on itself, of a segment of the intestine
irritable bowel syndrome
IBS
periodic disturbances of bowel function
obesity
excess body fat
peptic ulcer
another name for gastric or duodenum ulcer
polyp
tumor-like growth extending outward from a mucous membrane, usually benign
ulcerative colitis
inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers
volvulus
twisting or kinking of the intestines, causing intestinal obstruction
hemi
half
-pepsia
digestion
an/o
Anus
Antr/o
Antrum
Cec/o
Cecum
Col/o
Colon/o
Colon
duoden/o
Duodenum
enter/o
Intestine
esophag/o
esophagus
gastr/o
Stomach
ile/o
ileum
jejun/o
jejunum
or/o
mouth
Stomat/o
Mouth
proct/o
rectum
rect/o
rectum
Sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
dys
differcult
-phagia
swallowing
nas/o
nose
lingu
tongue
ascites
abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
diarrhea
frequent discharge of liquid stool
dysentery
disorder that involves inflammation of the intestine, usually the large intestine, associated with diarrhea and abdominal pain
emesis
expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth
Also called: vomiting
feces
waste from the digestive tract eliminated through the rectum
Also called: stool or fecal matter
flatus
gas in the digestive tract or expelled through the anus
gastric lavage
washing out of the stomach
gavage
process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube
hematemesis
vomiting of blood
hematochezia
passage of bloody feces
melena
black, tarry stool that contains digested blood; usually result of bleeding in the upper GI tract
nausea
urge to vomit
peristalsis
involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the digestive tract
reflux
abnormal backward flow
stoma
surgical opening between an organ and the surface of the body
vomiting
expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth
-gram
radiographic image
-graphy
radiographic imaging
-scope
instrument used for visual examinations
-scopy
visual examination
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
EGD
visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
lapar/o
abdominal cavity
abdominal ultrasonography
process of recording images of internal organs using high-frequency sound waves
barium enema
Abbreviation: BE
series of radiographic images taken of the large intestine after a barium enema has been administered rectally
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Abbreviation: ERCP
radiographic examination of the biliary tract and pancreatic ducts with contrast media
endoscopic ultrasound
procedure using an endoscope fitted with an ultrasound probe that provides images of layers of the intestinal wall
fecal occult blood test
a test to detect blood in feces
Helicobacter pylori
Abbreviation: H. pylori
a blood test to determine the presence ofH. pyloribacteria
upper gastrointestinal series
Abbreviation: upper GI
series of radiographic images taken of the stomach and duodenum after barium enema has been swallowed
-centesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid
plasty
surgical repair
-ectomy
excision of
- tomy
- otomy
incision into
rrhaphy
suturing of
-stomy
creation of an artificial opening
gloss
tongue
Abdominoperineal resection
removal of the colon and rectum through both abdominal and perineal approaches
anastomosis
an opening created by surgically joining two structures
bariatric surgery
surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity
hemorrhoidectomy vagotomy
excision of hemorrhoids cutting of certain branches
BE
barium enema
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
EUS
endoscopic ultrasound
FOBT
fecal occult blood test
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
GI
gastrointestinal
H. pylori
Helicobacter pylori
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
n&v
nausea and vomiting
PEG
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
UGI
upper gastrointestinal
UPPP
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Tricuspid valve
Heart valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Bicuspid valve
Heart valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Semilunar valves
Heart valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, and also between the left ventricle and the aorta
Pericardium
Two-layer sac covering the heart that holds pericardial fluid, which allows the layers to move without friction. It has a visceral layer, which is closest to the myocardium, and a parietal layer lining the pericardium.
Myocardium
Middle, thick, muscular layer of the heart
Endocardium
Inner lining of the heart
Aorta
The largest artery in the body, originating at the left ventricle and descending through the thorax and abdomen
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. The smallest arteries arearterioles.
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. The smallest veins are calledvenules.
Capillaries
Microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells (RBC) that carry oxygen
Leukocytes
White blood cells (WBC) that combat infection and respond to inflammation
