Lesson 3 Medical Terminology Flashcards
Structure of Cells
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Body Structure
cells > tissues > organs > systems
Cell membrane
the outer covering
Cytoplasm
the inside that contains the organized working part of the cell
Nucleus
often called the “control center” of the cell, where chromosomes and genes are found
Types of Cells
Bone Muscle Blood Skin Nerve
chondr/o
cartilage
Cyt/o
Cell
Hist/o
Tissue
Nucle/o
Nucleus
Tissues
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
Epithelial
Tissue that covers surfaces and lines cavities
Connective
Tissue that holds the body together
Muscular
Tissue that allows body movement
Nervous
Tissue that conducts nerve impulses
dia
through, complete
dys
difficult, labored, painful, abnormal
hyper-
above, excessive
hypo
below, incomplete, deficient
meta
after, beyond, change
New
New
Pro-
Before
- al
- ic
- um
- ous
- ior
Pertaining to
-cyte
Cell
-Elle
Small
-gen
Producing formation causing
-genesis
Origin, cause
-genic
Pertaining to, producing, formation, causing
Originating
-ologist
One who studies
One who studies and treats
-ology
Study of
-oid
Resembling
-oma
Abnormal swelling, tumor
-osis
Condition of
Abnormal condition
Increase
-plasia
-shape, formation
-plasm
Something shaped
-sarcoma
Malignant tumor
-sis
State of
-some
Body
-stasis
Standing still
Organs
Heart
Liver
Lungs
Systems
Integumentary
Musculoskeletal
Blood and lymphatic
Cardiovascular
Respiratory
Gastrointestinal
Urinary
Reproductive
Endocrine
Nervous
Integumentary
Skin, hair, sweat, and sebaceous glands that work together to form protective coverings
Musculoskeletal
Muscle and skeletal system for movement, body framework, and organ support
Blood and lymphatic
Blood to carry oxygen (and other things) throughout the body, and lymphatic to fight infection
Cardiovascular
The heart and blood
Respiratory
Carries oxygen through the body
Gastrointestinal
Transports food, absorbs nutrients, and excretes waste
Urinary
Kidneys and the urinary tract
Reproductive
Male and female reproduction
Endocrine
Glands and hormones
Nervous
Brain and nervous system
abdomen/o
abdomen
alveol/o
alveolus
angi/o
vessel
arteri/o
artery
arthr/o
joint
bronch/o
bronchus
cardi/o
heart
cephal/o
head
cerebr/o
cerebrum
chondr/o
cartilage
col/o
colon
cost/o
rib
crani/o
skull
derm/o
Skin
encephal/o
Brain
enter/o
small intestine
gastr/o
stomach
hemat/o
blood
hepat/o
liver
mast/o
breast
my/o
muscle
myel/o
spinal cord
nas/o
Nose
nephr/o
Kidney
neur/o
nerve
ophthalm/o
eye
oste/o
bone
ot/o
ear
phleb/o
Vein
pneum/o
lung
psych/o
mind
pulmon/o
lung
renal/o
kidney
thorac/o
Chest
Vas/o
Vessel
Body Cavities
Cranial Spinal Thoracic Pleural Abdominal
Cranial cavity
Houses the brain and is surrounded and protected by the cranium, or skull
Spinal cavity
Houses the spine and is surrounded and protected by the bones of the spine, called the vertebrae. The spinal cavity is located in the dorsal cavity, or toward the back.
Thoracic cavity
Houses the heart and lungs. It’s surrounded and protected by the ribs, sternum, and vertebrae. The thoracic cavity is located in the ventral cavity, or close to the abdomen.
Mediastinum
The space between the lungs and located in the thoracic cavity.
Pleural cavity
The space within the pleura that surrounds the lungs
Abdominal cavity
Houses the stomach, liver, and intestines. The abdominal cavity is located in the ventral cavity.
Abdominopelvic cavity
Refers to both the abdominal and pelvic cavities together
bi
Two
Dia
Through
Days
Differcult,painful,abnormal
Hyper-
Above
Hypo-
Below
Meta
After
Change
Uni
One
-pathy
Disease
anter/o
front
caud/o
tail, or downward
cephal/o
head, or upward
dist/o
Away from a specific point on the body
dors/o
back
infer/o
Below
later/o
side
medi/o
middle
poster/o
back, behind
proxim/o
near a point on the body
super/o
above
ventr/o
belly, or front
Anaplasia
Change in the structure and orientation of cells
Aplasia
Absence of any organ or tissue
Dysplasia
Abnormal development of tissues or organs
Hyperplasia
Excessive formation
Neoplasia
New abnormal development of cells, benign or malignant
Frontal plane
Any vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet that divide the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior)
Midsagittal plane
A vertical plane through the middle of the body that divides the body into equal right and left halves
Median
Transverse plane
A horizontal field dividing the body into upper (top) and lower (bottom) portions
