Lesson 4: A European War Flashcards
Allied Powers Definition
the military alliance of France, Britain, Russia, Italy, and many other nations during World War I
Central Powers Definition
the military alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire during World War I
Kaiser Definition
the title of the German emperor
Lusitania Definition
a British passenger ship that was torpedoed by a German U-boat in 1915; 1,200 people died, including 128 Americans
Militarism Definition
the policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war
Nationalism Definition
a devotion to one’s nation and its interests
Neutral Definition
not taking sides in a conflict
Propaganda Definition
the spreading of ideas to help a cause or hurt an opposing cause
Stalemate Definition
a deadlock in which neither side is strong enough to defeat the other
Terrorist Definition
one who deliberately uses violence to spread fear and achieve political goals
Trench Warfare Definition
war combat in which soldiers are located in trenches dug into the ground
U-boat Definition
a type of submarine used by Germany in World War I
How did nationalism serve as a cause of World War I? What was nationalism, and what did European nationalists demand? How did nationalism create rivalries, such as the one between France and Germany and the one between Russia and Austria-Hungary?
One cause of this tension came from the extreme feelings of nationalism, or pride in one’s nation. In the 1870s, European nationalists demanded freedom and self-government. They believed that people with a common language and culture should throw off foreign rule and form their own countries. While nationalism encouraged unity, it also created mistrust and bitter rivalry between nations. For example, France and Germany had gone to war in 1870. When France lost the war, it had to give Germany the iron-rich territory of Alsace-Lorraine. The French never forgot this blow to their national pride. They hoped for an opportunity to regain their lost territory. In Eastern Europe, nationalism deepened hostility between Austria-Hungary and Russia. Russia encouraged Serbs and other minorities in Austria-Hungary to rise up against their rulers.
How did Imperialism serve as a cause of World War I?
Another cause of problems in Europe came from imperialism. Between 1870 and 1914, rivalries expanded among powerful nations such as Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Russia as they scrambled for colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. Often, several nations competed for power in the same region. This competition sometimes led to wars in places far from Europe.
How did Militarism serve as a cause of World War I?
Militarism was a third source of tension. Militarism is the policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war. European nations expanded their armies and navies, creating new stresses. For example, Germany built up its navy. Britain responded by adding more ships to its fleet. This race for naval dominance strained relations between the two nations.
What were the three causes that aided in the tensions going into World War I?
Nationalism, Imperialism, and Militarism
What did European powers do to protect themselves? What was the alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy called? What was the alliance between France, Britain, and Russia called? How did this alliance system pose a new danger? When did the incident that caused the major war happen?
To protect themselves, European powers formed rival alliances. Germany organized the Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy. France responded by linking itself to Russia and Britain in the Triple Entente (ahn TAHNT). The alliance system posed a new danger. Allies agreed to support one another in case of an attack. Thus, a crisis involving one member of an alliance also affected that nation’s allies. This meant that a minor incident could spark a major war. On June 28, 1914, that incident took place.
How did nationalism cause turmoil in the Balkan Peninsula?
For years, nationalism had caused turmoil in the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe. There, the rival nations of Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia battled for territory. At the same time, Balkan nationalists called on related ethnic groups in Austria-Hungary to throw off Austrian rule.
In June 1914, why had Archduke Francis Ferdinand’s visit to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia, angered members of the Black Hand? Who were the Black Hand, and what were their objectives?
In June 1914, a crisis that would have a devastating effect struck the region. Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, was visiting Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. At the time, Bosnia was part of the Eastern European empire ruled by Austria-Hungary. Francis Ferdinand’s visit angered members of the Black Hand, a Serbian terrorist group. A terrorist uses threats and violence to promote a cause. The Black Hand wanted Bosnia to break away from Austria-Hungary and join Serbia.
What happened on June 28, 1914? Who was Gavrilo Princip?
On June 28, the archduke and his wife, Sophie, rode through Sarajevo in an open car. Suddenly, a young terrorist named Gavrilo Princip stepped from the curb, waving a pistol. Taking aim, he fatally shot Francis Ferdinand and Sophie.
In the days that followed Archduke Francis Ferdinand’s assassination, what did Austria-Hungary accuse Serbia of? After Austria-Hungary threatened war, why did Russia support Serbia? Why did diplomats fail in easing the conflict?
In the days that followed, Austria-Hungary accused the Serbian government of organizing the archduke’s assassination. When Austria-Hungary threatened war, Russia moved to protect Serbia. Diplomats rushed to ease tensions, but they could not stop the system of alliances from running its fateful course.
On July 28, 1914, what did Austria Hungary do? What did Russia do in response? What did Germany do on August 1, 1914, and why? What did Germany do on August 3, 1914, and why? Why did Britain join in the war? What did Austria Hungary do on August 6, 1914?
On July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. The very next day, Russia ordered its forces to mobilize, or prepare for war. Austria-Hungary’s ally, Germany, called on Russia to cancel the mobilization order. When it received no reply, Germany declared war on Russia on August 1. On August 3, Germany declared war on Russia’s ally France. The next day, when German armies sliced through neutral Belgium on their march to France, Britain declared war on Germany. Long before, Britain had promised to defend Belgium if it were attacked. Austria-Hungary declared war on Russia on August 6. In this way, what began as a local crisis in Bosnia exploded into a major war.
How long did Europeans on both sides of the conflict in World War I believe the war would last? Were they correct?
“You will be home before the leaves have fallen from the trees,” the kaiser, or German emperor, promised his troops as they marched off to war. Europeans on both sides of the conflict thought the war would end soon. They were mistaken.
How long was World War I? What was its original name?
The war dragged on for four blood-soaked years, from 1914 to 1918. At the time, the conflict was called the Great War. Later, it became known as the First World War or World War I.