LESSON 4

Question 1

is the exposure to new knowledge, concepts and ideas in a relatively programmed
way. It is normally aimed at increasing knowledge, or modifying attitudes and beliefs.

Answer 1

Education

Question 2

includes those solutions to a learning need that involve being taught or shown a way
of doing things. It is essentially skill related.

Answer 2

Training

Question 3

is employee need centered and starts with the individual as beneficiary.

Answer 3

Learning

Question 4

argues that learning is a knowledge-creating process through transforming
experience

Answer 4

Kolb (1984)

Question 5

say that you can tell when learning has taken place when people can demonstrate that they know something that they did not know before and/or when they can do something they could not do before.

Answer 5

Honey and Mumford (1992)

Question 6

The goal of the training process is

Answer 6

to enable employees with lower position and skill level to perform better in their present jobs.

Question 7

considering future organizational objectives aim at the increasing and improvement of the skills of managers and expert professionals.

Answer 7

Developmental programs

Question 8

Training is:

Answer 8

• A short-term educational process’
• Systematic and procedural
• Learn technical knowledge or personal skills
• Continuous

Question 9

Examples of Training Programs

Answer 9

• Job skills training, E.g. How to run a particular computer program.
• Training on communication
• Team building activities
• Policy and legal training E.g. Ethics training

Question 10

: this occurs to fill ‘skill gaps’ when an employee or group of employees lack the skills necessary to perform their current job task effectively.

Answer 10

Remedial skills training

Question 11

is undertaken when a new employee joins an organization.

Answer 11

Induction training

Question 12

: this concerns the acquisition of competencies (skills, knowledge and attitudes) that the company will find necessary in the future. This type of training is designed to meet long-term corporate needs rather than providing training in specific skills required currently.

Answer 12

Developmental training

Question 13

Training and development can take a variety of forms. Below is a flavor of some different training and development activities:

Answer 13

Induction training
Remedial skills training
Developmental training

Question 14

Objectives of Training

Answer 14

▪ The primary objective of training is to establish a sound relationship b/n the worker and his/her job the optimum man-task relationship.
▪ To upgrade the skills of worker
▪ To develop healthy, constructive attitudes
▪ To prepare employees for future assignments
▪ To increase productivity
▪ To minimize operational errors
▪ To enhance employee confidence and morale
▪ To bring down costs of production

Question 15

Training needs can arise from the following reasons:

Answer 15

1. Match employee performance/specifications-with-job-requirements-and organizational needs
2. Organizational changes and complexity Risers
3. Technological advances
4. Job changes

Question 16

Job changes Other reasons can be

Answer 16

a) To improve productivity or quality
b) To improve health and safety
c) To improve organizational culture

Question 17

The need for training is emphases by the following factors:

Answer 17

▪ Increased productivity
▪ Improvement in employee morale
▪ Availability for future personnel needs of the organization.
▪ Improvement in health and safety
▪ Reduced supervision
▪ Personal growth
▪ Organizational stability

Question 18

adequate training increases needed skills which builds up confidence and satisfaction

Answer 18

Increased productivity:

Question 19

training improves skills which builds up confidence and satisfaction

Answer 19

Improvement in employee morale

Question 20

. Good training programs develop the employees and prepare them for future managerial and executive position.

Answer 20

Availability for future personnel needs of the organization

Question 21

: proper training can help prevent industrial accidents and create a safer work environment.

Answer 21

Improvement in health and safety

Question 22

a trained employee supervisees himself; he accept responsibility and experience more freedom and autonomy and less supervision

Answer 22

Reduced supervision:

Question 23

: the training program give the participants a wider awareness, a sense of self- satisfaction and fulfillment, an alighted philosophy and value system that are the apex of the personal growth

Answer 23

Personal growth

Question 24

: training and development program foster the initiative and creativity of employees which increases a sense of belonging, this preventing a labor obsolescence.

Answer 24

Organizational stability

Question 25

What are the major stages involved in designing a training program?

Answer 25

1. Determining training needs 2. Organizational analysis

Question 26

The first stage in developing any training program is to identify the skills deficiencies that exist within the company and determine which employees need to undergo training. This stage is the foundation of the whole process.

Answer 26

Determining training needs

Question 27

A systematic approach to learning and training is to:-

Answer 27

▪ Identify learning needed ▪ Design appropriate learning opportunity ▪ Enable learner to undertake the opportunity ▪ Evaluate if learning has taken place.

Question 28

How to determine the training needs? Managers can use four These are:

Answer 28

▪ Performance appraisal ▪ Analysis of job requirements ▪ Organizational analysis ▪ Employee survey

Question 29

There are three types of training input. These are

Answer 29

▪ Skills ▪ Simple, mechanical skills ▪ Complex, administrative skills ▪ Communication skills ▪ Attitudes ▪ Build favorable attitude of employee towards organization ▪ Knowledge ▪ About job, factory, organization ▪ Specific knowledge, for example; relating to quality and standards of products

Question 30

Organizational analysis

Answer 30

The first issue to consider is whether certain parts of the organization are experiencing inefficiencies, and if so, whether this inefficiency is the result of a lack of training.

Question 31

Objectives of Management Development

Answer 31

* To ensure that managers at all levels of the organization are able to perform their jobs effectively. * To avoid managerial obsolescence * To provide for managerial promotion in upper level ranks * To provide opportunity for managers:

Question 32

- each promoted position requires a new set of skills and abilities and management development techniques prepare the managers for these new responsibilities

Answer 32

To provide for managerial promotion in upper level ranks

Question 33

if the management does not keep pace with new methods and processes and fails to adapt changes, then it will become obsolete and in effective.

Answer 33

To avoid managerial obsolescence

Question 34

to seek new challenges and new venues for personal growth and internal satisfaction.

Answer 34

To provide opportunity for managers

Question 35

Effective training and development program follows the following process:

Answer 35

1. Discover (analyze) the training needs 2. Design a training or development program system 3. Develop a training package of resources and materials 4. Implement the training package 5. Evaluating the effectiveness of the training program and follow-up

Question 36

: training needs can be identified by assessing the current and future business conditions and by matching with the skills and resources available and evaluation of the performance employees.

Answer 36

Discover (analyze) the training needs

Question 37

that learners and trainers can implement to meet the learning goals. Like: -identify objectives, needed facilities, necessary funding, course content etc…

Answer 37

Design a training or development program system

Question 38

like: - developing audio- visuals, graphics, manuals, etc…

Answer 38

Develop a training package of resources and materials:

Question 39

-including delivering the training, support group feedback, clarifying training materials, administrating test and conduct the final evaluation

Answer 39

Implement the training package

Question 40

: the effectiveness of the program can be appraised by written and oral tests, by observing the trainees when put on jobs independently and comparing the results after the training program were initiated.

Answer 40

Evaluating the effectiveness of the training program and follow-up

Question 41

Hamblin (1974) developed a more detailed model with five levels of evaluation, including:

Answer 41

1. Evaluating the training by using the post course questionnaire 2. Evaluating the learning in terms of the immediate impact on the trainees’ behavior. 3. Evaluating changes in the performance of the job. 4. Evaluating changes in organizational performance. This is a very difficult thing to do. 5. Evaluating changes in the wider contribution that the organization now makes.

Question 41

Training Methods

Answer 41

A) On-The-job Training B) Off-The-Job Training

Question 42

It is training given to employees when they are on the vacation. The training can undertake in organization classrooms, vocational schools, and elsewhere.... It could be class lecture, visual reality system.

Answer 42

Off-The-Job Training

Question 42

the employee is placed in the real work and shown the work by as experienced employee or supervisor.

Answer 42

On-The-job Training

Question 43

basis of the training needs.

Answer 43

Training program training methods training contents

Question 44

➢ On & off-the job methods ➢ Subjects:

Answer 44

* Product knowledge, competitors * Sales administration * Skills like making presentations, negotiating, etc.

Question 45

✓ Off-the job ✓ Subjects such as:

Answer 45

* Company policies * Organization methods * Knowledge about forms, reports, written communication, etc

Question 46

Organizations provide training to their employees in the following areas:

Answer 46

1. Company policies and procedures 2. Specific skills 3. Human relations 4. Problem solving 5. Managerial and supervisory skills 6. Apprentice training

Question 47

Role of human resource management in training

Answer 47

▪ Determining the training needs in co-operation with line-managers ▪ Formulating training objectives ▪ Choosing a trainer or training's company ▪ Instructing the trainers ▪ Informing the employees in co-operation with the line-managers ▪ Evaluating the results of a training