lesson 4 Flashcards
DEHYDRATION
Water needs to be removed to reduce pipeline corrosion and prevent line
blockage caused by _____formation.
hydrate
DEHYDRATION
Hydrate formation in natural gas processing occurs when water and light
hydrocarbons (such as methane, ethane, and propane) form
solid, ice-like
crystalline structures
DEHYDRATION PROCESS
the most frequently
used because it offers the best
compromise between solvent
losses and initial cost.
TEG
DEHYDRATION PROCESS
Water levels in natural gas can be reduced to the 10 ppmv range in a
absorption process
HYDROCARBON RECOVERY PROCESS
system plays a major role in many hydrocarbon recovery
processes, as it is used to cool the gas stream to recover a significant amount
of C2+ and to lower gas temperatures as the gas goes into other stages of
hydrocarbon recovery.
refrigeration
When a natural gas has excessive nitrogen levels, three options are available:
- Gas blending to meet pipeline specifications
- Accepting a reduced price for the gas
- Removing sufficient nitrogen to meet sales specifications
It uses_______ to separate nitrogen from hydrocarbons
based on their different _______
low temperatures
boiling points.
NITROGEN REJECTION UNIT
is the most efficient and widely used method for
removing nitrogen (N2) from natural gas when nitrogen content is high (above
6-8%).
Cryogenic distillation
HYDROCARBON RECOVERY
The process ensures the removal of
heavier hydrocarbons
in a natural gas processing plant involves separating
valuable hydrocarbons (such as natural gas liquids, NGLs) from raw natural
gas to improve its quality, meet pipeline specifications, and maximize
economic value.
Hydrocarbon recovery
HELIUM RECOVERY PROCESS
After nitrogen (N2) is removed from natural gas using a
Nitrogen Rejection
Unit (NRU),
Helium (He) It is often found in _______
especially those with ________
natural gas reservoirs,
high nitrogen content.
Helium is recovered because:
It is lightweight and non-reactive
* It is rare
* Demand is high, especially in medical, electronics, and scientific fields.
is often removed (rejected) from natural gas because it is an
inert, non-combustible gas that reduces the energy value of the gas and
can cause operational issues.
Nitrogen
LIQUIDS PROCESSING: CONDENSATE
Water received with the inlet gas often contains____added in the field to
methanol or ethylene
glycol,
prevent hydrate formation.
is a valuable, non-renewable gas used in medical, industrial,
and scientific applications. It is often found in natural gas reservoirs,
especially those with high nitrogen content.
Helium (He)
NITROGEN REJECTION
When options 1 and 2 are unavailable, a nitrogen rejection unit (NRU) can be
employed.
The most common methods for removing nitrogen from natural gas are:
- Cryogenic distillation
- Pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
- Membrane separation
LIQUIDS PROCESSING: CONDENSATE
is a liquid hydrocarbon mixture that separates from natural gas when it
undergoes pressure and temperature changes.
Natural gas condensate
HELIUM RECOVERY PROCESS
helium (He) is recovered through
cryogenic distillation.
HELIUM RECOVERY PROCESS
This process takes advantage of the large difference in
boiling points
LIQUIDS PROCESSING: CONDENSATE
Processing the condensate
involves two steps:
water washing and condensate stabilization.
LIQUIDS PROCESSING: CONDENSATE
After free water removal, the condensate goes to the _______, where
remaining lighter hydrocarbons are removed, compressed, and recombined
with the gas from the inlet receiver.
stabilizer,
LIQUIDS PROCESSING: NGLs
Processing:
Sweetening (removal of H2S & CO2)
Dehydration
Fractionation
LIQUIDS PROCESSING: NGLs
Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs) are hydrocarbon components separated from
natural gas during processing. They include:
Ethane (C2H6)
Propane (C3H8)
Butane (C4H10) & Isobutane (i-C4H10)
