lesson 4 Flashcards
The Malampaya Deep Water Gas-to-Power Project signaled the birth of the
natural gas industry in the Philippines.
An onshore gas plant in Batangas receives the gas for further
processing, before it is sent
to five power-plant customers.
IMPURITIES
Most gas produced contains water, which must be removed.
Concentrations range from trace amounts to saturation.
Water:
IMPURITIES
If the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration is greater
than 2%–3%, carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon disulfide (CS2), elemental sulfur, organic sulfides, and mercaptans may be present
Sulfur species:
IMPURITIES
Can damage the brazed aluminum heat exchangers
Mercury:
IMPURITIES
A significant amount of corrosion in gas processing is related
to
Oxygen:
IMPURITIES
Naturally occurring radioactive materials
NORM:
CLASSIFICATION
whereas a ______
has unacceptable quantities of H2S, which is toxic, odiferous, and
corrosive.
sour gas
CLASSIFICATION
contains negligible amounts of H2S,
sweet gas
CLASSIFICATION
Natural gases commonly are classified according to their
content as either lean or rich
sulfur content as either sweet or sour.
CLASSIFICATION
The ______, usually defined as C2
+
, in the gas, the _____ the
gas. These NGL products often have a higher sales value as a liquid
than if left in natural gas.
more liquids,
“richer”
OVERVIEW OF GAS PLANT PROCESSING
for enhanced oil recovery (EOR).
Carbon dioxide or nitrogen recovery
OVERVIEW OF GAS PLANT PROCESSING
to meet a specification, reduce corrosion, and prevent
gas hydrate formation.
Dehydration of gas
OVERVIEW OF GAS PLANT PROCESSING
To make the gas marketable, the undesired
diluents N2,H2S, and CO2 are removed.
Upgrading subquality gas.
OVERVIEW OF GAS PLANT PROCESSING
Natural gas is the primary source of helium.
Helium recovery.
INLET RECEVING
Gas and liquids entering the gas plant typically pass through
emergency shutdown valves.
OVERVIEW OF GAS PLANT PROCESSING
For easier storage and transportation
Liquefaction.
occurs in a slug catcher.
initial gas–liquid separation
catchers are
critical because downstream gas processing units rely on a continuous gas
stream free of liquids, even when surges of liquid enter the plant.
Slug
refers to a large volume of
liquid that suddenly flows through
a gas pipeline or processing
system.
slug
Pressure plays a major role in gas processing, as it moves gas
from the field, through the gas plant, and into the sales gas line.
INLET COMPRESSION
INLET COMPRESSION
To maximize liquids recovery, the inlet
gas is typically at ______ psi when it enters the hydrocarbon
recovery section.
700–1,000 psi
involves removal of the “acid gases” carbon dioxide (CO2
) and
hydrogen sulfide (H2S) along with other sulfur species to sufficiently low levels to
meet contractual specifications, to minimize pipeline corrosion, or to permit
additional processing in the plant without corrosion or plugging problems.
Gas treating
Gas treating involves
removal of the “acid gases” carbon dioxide (CO2) and
hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
