Lesson 4 Flashcards
___________ is defined as all of the physical components of a computer.
Computer hardware
___________ a machine that uses electronic components and instructions to the
components to perform calculations, repetitive and complex procedures, process
text, and manipulate data and signals.
Computer
The basic hardware of a computer composes the computer’s architecture, and includes the ____________, __________, __________, __________, __________, and __________
electronic circuits,
microchips
processors
random access memory (RAM) read-only memory (ROM)
graphic and sound cards.
___________ is a thin, flat sheet made of a firm, nonconducting material on
which the internal components—printed circuits, chips, slots, and so on—of the computer are mounted.
Motherboard
The motherboard is made of a __________ or ___________.
dielectric or nonconducting plastic material
The motherboard’s storage media is called __________.
Memory
refers to the electronic storage devices or chips on the motherboard of a
computer.
Memory
There are three key types of memory in a computer.
- read-only memory (ROM), the
- main memory known as random access memory (RAM)
- cache.
is a form of permanent storage in the computer. It carries instructions that allow the computer to be booted
(started), and other essential machine instructions. Its programming is stored by the manufacturer and cannot be changed by the user.
Read-only memory (ROM)
Refers to working memory used for primary storage. It is used as temporary storage.
Also known as main memory, it can be accessed, used, changed, and written on
repeatedly.
is the work area available to the CPU for all processing applications.
Random access memory (RAM)
is a smaller form of RAM. Its purpose is to speed up processing
by storing frequently called items in a small, rapid access memory
location.
Cache
These devices are wired to a controller that is plugged into the slots or circuit boards of the computer.
Input and output devices
These devices allow the computer to receive information
from the outside world.
Input Devices
Input Devices in Healthcare
In healthcare computing, many medical devices serve as input devices. For example, the electrodes placed on a patient’s body provide input to the computerized physiologic monitors. The oximetry device placed on a patient’s finger uses light waves to detect impulses that are sent to a computer and then interpreted as oxygen
levels in the blood. Voice systems allow the nurse to speak into a microphone (which is the input device) to record data, submit laboratory orders, or request information from the computer. In radiology, most machines today input images from the X-Ray machines to a computer rather than storing them on film. In fact, the most advanced imaging machines could not exist without computer technology. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans and medical resonance imaging (MRI) machines are the
best-known computerized imaging devices, but most of the radiology applications today are computerized.
These devices allow the computer to report its results
to the external world. these devices are defined as any equipment that translates the computer information into something readable by
people or other machines.
Output Devices
Output Devices in healthcare
In healthcare settings, a variety of medical devices serve as output devices. Heart monitors are output devices recording and displaying heart rhythm patterns, and
initiating alarms when certain conditions are met. Volumetric infusion pump output includes both images on a screen and fluids infused into the patient’s body. The pump delivers a specific volume of IV fluids based on commands that the nurse inputs so the ordered fluid volume will be infused in the correct time period.
includes the main memory but also external devices on which programs and data are stored.
Storage
most common storage device is the computer’s __________.
Hard Drive
___________ and _____________are
magnetic storage media
hard drive and diskettes
____________ and ____________ are a form of optical storage.
DVDs and CD-ROMs
Optical
media are read by a ___________ rather than a magnet.
Laser “eye”
is a peripheral device that has very high speed and high density
Hard Drive
is actually a form of a small, removable hard drive that is inserted into the USB port of the computer.
USB flash drive
The largest type of computer is the ____________.
supercomputer
The supercomputer was first developed by _____________ in _____________, the early super- computer research, development, and production were carried out by Cray Corporation or one of its affiliates (Cray Corp, 2014).
Seymour Cray in 1972
is a computational- oriented computer specially designed for
scientific applications requiring a gigantic amount of calculations that to be useful, must be processed at superfast speeds.
supercomputer
The computers discussed so far are ____________ because the user can program them to process all types of problems and can solve any problem that
can be broken down into a set of logical sequential instructions.
General Purpose Machines
These are designed to do only a very few different types of tasks. A category that includes the tablet computers,
personal digital assistants (PDAs), and smartphones.
Special Purpose
Machines
It is the most common fast, large, and expensive type of computer used in large businesses (including hospitals and other large healthcare
facilities) for processing, storing, and retrieving data. It is a large multiuser central
computer that meets the computing needs of large- and medium-sized public and private organizations.
Mainframe Computer
These are used for processing the large amount of
repetitive calculations involved in handling billing, payroll, inventory control, and
business operations computing.
Mainframe Computer
In hospitals, mainframe computers are often used to support the entire Hospital
Information Technology (HIT) system, also known as the __________, purchased from one of the 30 or so large HIT vendors. The HIT
includes not only business and nursing operations, but also supports many clinical
systems.
Hospital Information
System (HIS)
These are found in educational and research settings, where they are used to conduct a multitude of special educational and scientific
functions.
Microcomputers
are also available as portable or laptop computers, and as
notebook, tablet, and hand-held computers. Laptop computers are highly portable
because they are much smaller than the standard desktop microcomputers.
Microcomputers
are small, special function computers, although a few “full
function” handheld computers were introduced in the late 1990s. Even though they
are smaller in size than the laptop and notebook microcomputers, some have claimed to have almost the same functionality and processing capabilities.
More popular are the palm-sized computers, including personal digital assistants
(PDAs), which are the smallest of the handheld computers. Originally sold as
isolated devices, today virtually all PDAs are combined with telephone functionality
and sold as smartphones.
Handheld computers
Smartphones are __________ and owned by a huge
number of people worldwide, from the slums of South Africa to business people in
the most developed countries.
ubiquitous
DIGITAL HEALTH RECORD SYSTEM INTERFACE
Securely store and retrieve patient
medical data.
Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
DIGITAL HEALTH RECORD SYSTEM INTERFACE
Provide evidence-based
recommendations during care.
Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS)
DIGITAL HEALTH RECORD SYSTEM INTERFACE
Enhance communication and medication adherence.
Mobile Health Apps
DIGITAL HEALTH RECORD SYSTEM INTERFACE
Deliver remote care and consultations.
Telehealth Technologies
T or F : Information without interpretation is merely data
True
Transforming raw data into meaningful insights through data analysis and visualization. Identify trends, patterns, and risks in patient populations.
Data Analytics
Identifying trends, patterns, and potential risks in patient populations. Analyze vast datasets to predict health outcomes and personalize care.
Machine Learning
Imagine a world where patient information is readily available,
seamlessly shared, and instantly analyzed. Computer technology, particularly EHRs,
transforms information management. Nurses can focus on patient care instead of
cumbersome paperwork, improving accuracy, efficiency, and ultimately, patient
outcomes.
Contributing to research and development of new healthcare
interventions
Empowering nurses to advocate for evidence-based practice and improved patient care. Develop and evaluate new technologies to improve patient care.
Nursing Informatics Research
_____________ assist with diagnostics, treatment planning, and decision-making.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
T or F : Computer science goes beyond data analysis
True
Utilizing artificial intelligence __________ and __________ to support clinical decision-making.
(AI) and machine learning (ML)
Developing and implementing __________ to reduce medical errors.
clinical decision support systems (CDSS)
Employing __________ and __________ technologies to expand access to care.
telehealth and remote monitoring
Imagine accessing patient information from any device, regardless of location. __________ makes this a reality, allowing nurses to seamlessly collaborate and share information across borders.
Cloud Computing
__________ offer secure and scalable data storage, reducing IT costs for healthcare providers while ensuring robust data
protection.
Cloud Platforms
T or F : Cloud Computing enhances data security and privacy through robust cloud-based protection
measures
True
Access data and applications from anywhere, anytime.
Scalability and Accessibility
Facilitate collaborative projects and data sharing across institutions.
Collaboration and Innovation
Securely stores sensitive patient information in the cloud.
Enhanced Data Security
Reduce IT infrastructure costs and maintenance needs.
Cost-Effectiveness
