Lesson 4 Flashcards
concept introduced by Dell Hymes (1972), posits that grammatical knowledge isn’t enough basis for the ability to speak and understand language. it is a contrary to Chomsky’s linguistic competence
communicative competence
refers to outcomes and goals, goals are objectives
ends
refers to spirit of speech
keys
refers to speaking face-to-face, or through phone, or in writing, part is the use of dialect
instrumentalities
refers to rules people observe
norms
model formed by dr. janice light in 1989, for individuals with any augmentative/alternative communication
cc model for aac
year when linguistic operational, social and strategic was added to cc model for aac
1989
what year was psychosocial was added to cc model for aac
2003
who added emotional competence and what year
blackstone and wilkins, 2009
who added self-advocacy in ac model for aac and what year
ahern, 2014
communication between two or more people only
dyadic
communication between 3 or more people, should show interdependence and must exercise interaction to have fruitful exchanges
group
communicate to achieve a goal or get someone to do something for us
instrumental
to maintain and strengthen relationship, give and take is the key
relational
to be perceived in a particular way
self-presentation
explain stylistic variations in language
five clocks by martin joos (1971)
style is relaxed, used by people who are very close to each other, nonverbal is used as well as personal language code
intimate style
flexible and may use slang, it is also informed, relaxed, and natural
casual style
used when talking ir negotiating with strangers or people whom you do not have closeness with
consultative style
for large group of audience whom speaker may not know personally, language used is cohesive and informative, speech must be planned ahead
formal style
formal and static, slang isn’t allowed
frozen style
act of saying something according to austin (1975)
locution
uttering vocal sounds, noises that do not make sense yet
phonetic act
uttering sounds belonging to and as belonging to a certain vocabulary (e.g. ma, pa)
phatic act
uttering of words endowed with meanin, which may have sense, reference, or both
rhetic act
a speech act that consists of the verbal employment of units of expression such as words and sentences
utterance acts
clear and express specific definable point, as to mere utterance acts, which may be unintelligible sounds
propositional acts
-when the speaker expressed something, there is an intended meaning behind it
-what the speaker means to convey, communication purpose
illocutionary acts
refers to whether an utterance is an assertion, question, command, or expression of wish
illocutionary force
illocutionary force and act are concepts introduced by?
John L. Austin (1962)
actual words of the message, literal meaning
locutionary acts
effects of an utterance, hearer’s reaction to speaker’s message, reaction can either be change in behavior or specific action
perlocutionary acts
declares something that has the potential to bring about a change in the world
declarations
presents facts of the world, such as statements or claims
assertives
about their psychological attitudes and attitude towards a situation
expressives
intends the listener to do something
directives
commits to doing something in the future
commissives
collaboratively and productively establish a topic
nomination
-limitation of other person
-restricts response of other person
-listener is forced to respond only within a set of categories made by speaker
restriction
speaker speaks when it’s their turn
turn-taking
question-answer formula, follows nomination stage
topic control
introducing another topic
topic shifting
by not acknowledging the new situation, the situation already in progress will continue
repair
ends interaction, quick and short, prolonged when clarifying something or asks questions
termination
