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CMT > Lesson 4 > Flashcards

Lesson 4 Flashcards

1
Q

These are inert materials derived from igneous, sedimentary; and metamorphic rocks or manufactured from clays, shales, slates and slags.

A

Aggregates

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2
Q

It is used in concreting are sand, natural gravel, gravel crushed stone, cinder and crushed furnace slag.

A

Aggregates

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3
Q

They are generally available and therefore constitute the major source of aggregates.

A

Natural sands and gravels

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4
Q

It is the next most widely used class of concrete aggregate.

A

Crushed stone

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5
Q

They are often washed to remove impurities which may retard cement hydration or prove otherwise deleterious, particularly for natural occurring sands and gravels.

A

Aggregates

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6
Q

What is usually done to aggregates toremove impurities which may retard cement hydration or prove otherwise deleterious, particularly for natural occurring sands and gravels?

A

washed

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7
Q

True or False. All aggregates are screened to ensure proper gradation of price.

A

False (price - size)

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8
Q

They are granular mineral particles that are widely used for highway bases, subbases and backfill.

A

Aggregates

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9
Q

These are also used in combination with cementing material to form concrete for structural construction, wearing surfaces and drainage structures.

A

Aggregates

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10
Q

What are the sources of aggregates?

A
  1. natural deposits of sand and gravel
  2. pulverized concrete and asphalt pavements
  3. crushed stones and blast furnace slag.
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11
Q

Aggregates which are intended for either bituminous or Portland cement concrete pavement should be of good quality and in accordance with the requirements of ________________________ which generaly consists of hard durable particles or fragments of crushed stones, crushed slag; or crushed or natural gravels.

A

AASHTO for Dense-Graded Bituminous road and Plant-Mix Surface Coarse (Item-703 of the DPWH)

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12
Q

What are the general classifications of aggregates?

A
  1. fine aggregates
  2. coarse aggregates
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13
Q

These are commonly known as sands and are composes of particles smaller than 3/16inch nominal.

A

Fine Aggregates

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14
Q

Fine aggregates are commonly known as sands and are composes of particles smaller than ______ inch nominal.

A

3/16

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15
Q

It is generally the product of natural disintegration of silica-bearing or calcium bearing rock.

A

Sand or Fine Aggregate

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16
Q

What is the sieve requirement for a fine aggregate?

A

Amost all the sand should pass through a No. 4 sieve and be predominantly retained by a No. 200 (14 - micron) sieve

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17
Q

How are fine aggregates sometimes manufactured from a larger pieces of aggregate?

A
  1. crushing
  2. grinding
  3. rolling
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18
Q

These are composed of particles larger than the clear opening of a No. 4 sieve (0. 185 inches).

A

Coarse Aggregates

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

These comes from natural grave deposits and also known as natural gravel which are formed by water, wind or glacial action

A

Coarse Aggregate

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21
Q

How are course aggregate manufactured?

A

crushing rock, stone, boulders, and cobblestones or crushed gravel

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22
Q

Four common kinds of course aggregates:

A
  1. limestone or calcium bearing material
  2. basalt, granite and related igneous rock
  3. sandstones and quartzite
  4. rock, such as opal and chert, composed mainly of amorphous silicon dioxide.
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23
Q

Aggregates are bond together into a conglomerated mass by Portland-cement paste. The mixed Portland cement and water, form _____________.

A

concrete mortar or plaster

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24
Q

Aggregates are bond together into a conglomerated mass by _______. The mixture form concrete mortar or plaster.

A

Portland-cement paste

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25
Q

How many percent does aggregate make up of mass of concrete?

A

75

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26
Q

They influence the
properties of resulting concrete.

A

Physical, Mechanical and Chemical properties of the aggregates

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27
Q

It influences the bond between aggregate and paste.

A

Surface texture

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28
Q

It influences the elastic properties of the concrete and the amount of resistance to shrinkage of the paste.

A

Elastic properties of the aggregate

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29
Q

It influences the amount of water required for the concrete.

A

Size, shape, and grading of the particles

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30
Q

It may improve bondíng between the two and consequently the quality of concrete.

A

Reactions at the interface of the cement matrix and the aggregate

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31
Q

True or False. The reaction between certain silicon constituents present in some aggregate and
alkalies in cements may cause abnormal expansion and strengthening of the concrete.

A

False (strengthening - cracking)

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32
Q

3 Characteristics of Aggregates

A
  1. Specific Gravity
  2. Water Absorption
  3. Abrasion Resistance
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33
Q

It determines the weight and strength of aggregates.

A

Specific Gravity

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34
Q

The used of coarse aggregates specifically for the construction of dams, weirs, retaining wals barrages, docks and harbors should be _______ and of a ________ variety.

A
  1. durable
  2. heavier
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35
Q

In case of dams and roof coverings, _______ varieties of coarse aggregates are preferred

A

lighter

36
Q

The specific gravity of good coarse aggregates or stones should be between _____ and ______.

A
  1. 2.5
  2. 3.0
37
Q

They are compact, less porous and are good for hydraulic structures.

A

Heavier coarse aggregates or stones

38
Q

It is directly proportional to the porosity.

A

Water Absorption of coarse aggregates or stones

39
Q

True or False. If a stone is more porous then it will absorb more water and cause less damage to stones.

A

False (less - more)

40
Q

It depends upon the mineral constituents and structural formation of the parent rock.

A

Porosity of building stones

41
Q

True or False. f stones used in building construction are porous then rain water carrying some acidic gases forming light acids can easily enter into the pore spaces, expand, and cause damage to the stones.

A

True

42
Q

Building stones should be porous or nonporous?

A

nonporous

43
Q

The value of water absorption of a good quality coarse aggregates or stones shall not be more than _____________.

A

0.60 per unit weight

44
Q

_________ in stones develops rust in the presence of moisture.

A

Excess iron oxide or carbonate

45
Q

It takes place and it results into the disintergration of the stone.

A

Freezing of water in pores

46
Q

It one of the most important attributes of aggregates and factor to consider in resisting wearing, crushing, degradation and disintegration.

A

Abrasion resistance

47
Q

The _____________________ have a strong relationships with strength properties and modulus elasticity of concrete which increases the abrasion resistance by continuous rubbing and scratching to contact surface

A

wearing resistance of aggregates

48
Q

It is to determine the hardness property of aggregates.

A

Abrasion test

49
Q

It is the ratio of mass or weight of aggregates to a specified unit volume.

A

Bulk density or unit weight of aggregates

50
Q

It is required to determine the weight and volume relationships and the measurement of the space occupied by the aggregates in proportioning mixture.

A

Density of aggregates

51
Q

It plays an important part in terms of workability, segregation and mobility of concrete.

A

Gradation or Particle Size Distribution

52
Q

Particle size distribution plays an important part in terms of :

A
  1. workability
  2. segregation
  3. mobility of concrete.
53
Q

It requires less cement paste that will reduce the possible bleeding, creeping and shrinking of concrete during the hardening process.

A

Uniformity of Sizes of Aggregates

54
Q

It produces strong
bonding between the cement paste and aggregates.

A

Well-graded aggregates

55
Q

It deternmines also the amount required of paste in the concrete mixture.

A

Well-graded aggregates

56
Q

It covers the procedure to determine the specific gravity of coarse aggregates.

A

Specific Gravity Test Method

57
Q

It is defined as the ratio of the weight aggregates to a specified volume of water.

A

Specific Gravity

58
Q

What is the specific gravity of good coarse aggregates or stones?

A

between 2.5 and 3.0

59
Q

It is measured by means of its specific gravity.

A

Quality of Aggregates

60
Q

What is the objective of specific gravity test method of coarse aggregates?

A

determine the specific gravity of coarse aggregates

61
Q

True or False. Test for Specific Gravity of Coarse Aggregates (ASTM Designation C 127 -07) is intended for lightweight aggregates.

A

False (not intended)

62
Q

What are the apparatus/ instruments and equipment for specific gravity test method?

A
  1. Specific Gravity testing Machine
  2. Wire Mesh Bucket
  3. Weighing Machine
  4. Metal Cylinder
  5. Scoop
  6. Tray
63
Q

Two formulas for Test for Specific Gravity of Coarse Aggregates

A
  1. Apparent Specific Gravity
  2. Bulk Specific Gravity
64
Q

It covers the procedure to determine the moisture or water absorbing capacity of coarse aggregates and to measure the strength or quality of coarse aggregates.

A

Water absorption test method

65
Q

True or False. If the coarse aggregates used are porous they are considered suitable.

A

False (suitable - unsuitable)

66
Q

Coarse aggregates to be used in water absorption test must be:

A

nonporous and compact with solidity

67
Q

What is the objective of Test For Water Absorption of Aggregates?

A

to determine the moisture or water content of coarse aggregates

68
Q

True or False. Water Absorption Test for Aggregates is not intended for lightweight aggregates.

A

True

69
Q

Apparatus/Instruments and Equipment for Test For Water Absorption of Aggregates:

A
  1. Water bath
  2. Wire Mesh Bucket,
  3. Weighing Machine
  4. Scoop
  5. Tray
70
Q

Formulas needed for Water Absorption Test

A

Moisture Content

71
Q

It covers the procedure for testing sizes of coarse aggregates smaller than 37. 5 mm or 1: inch for resistance to degradation using the Los Angeles (LA) Abrasion Machine

A

Abrasion Resistance Test Method

72
Q

Abrasion Resistance Test Method covers the procedure for testing sizes of coarse aggregates smaller than _____________ for resistance to degradation using the Los Angeles (LA) Abrasion Machine

A
  1. 5 mm or 1: inch
73
Q

It is used as an indicator of the relative quality or competence of various sources of aggregates with similar mineral compositions

A

Abrasion Resistance Test Method

74
Q

What is the objective of Abrasion Resistance Test Method?

A

determine the measurement of the resistance of coarse aggregates to degradation causes by impact, abrasion and grinding.

75
Q

Apparatus/Instruments and Equipment for Abrasion Resistance Test Method

A
  1. LA Abrasion Testing Machine
  2. Standard Sieves
  3. Weighing Scale
  4. Oven
  5. Steel Charge (Steel Spheres)
  6. No. 12 Sieve, Scoop,
  7. Tray
  8. Container
76
Q

Formulas for Abrasion Resistance Test Method

A

Percentage of Wear (Loss)

77
Q

It covers the procedure to determine of the average density of quantity of coarse aggregates (not including the volume of the voids between the particles).

A

Density Test Method

78
Q

In Density Test Method, it is determined after drying the aggregates.

A

Oven-dry (OD)

79
Q

In Density Test Method, it is determined after soaking the aggregates in a water for a prescribed direction.

A

Saturated surface dry (SSD)

80
Q

Apparatus/Instruments and Equipment for Density Test Method

A
  1. Water bath
  2. Wire Mesh Bucket
  3. Weighing Machine
  4. Scoop
  5. Spoon
  6. Metal Cylinder
  7. Tray
81
Q

Formulas for Density Test Method

A
  1. Density on oven-Dried Basis (DOD)
  2. Density on a Saturated Surface-Dry Basis(DSSD)
  3. Apparent Density Basis (AD)
82
Q

It covers the determination of particle size distribution of fine and coarse aggregates by sieving.

A

Particle Size Distribution Test Method

83
Q

This method contains grading requirements including both coarse and fine fractions.

A

Particle Size Distribution Test Method

84
Q

It is needed in order to secure the quality, workability and economy of aggregates in cement.

A

Suitable gradation

85
Q

For asphalt concrete, it only affect the workability of the mixture and economy in the use of asphalt, but also will affect significantly the strength and the other important properties.

A

suitable gradation

86
Q

Apparatus/Instruments and Equipment for Particle Size Distribution Test Method

A
  1. Mechanical Shaker
  2. Set of Sieves with Pan and Cover
  3. Containers
  4. Weighing Machine
  5. Sieve Brush
87
Q

What are the computations needed in Particle Size Distribution Test Method?

A
  1. Cumulative Percentage Retained
  2. Percentage Passing
  3. Moisture Content
  4. Fineness Modulus
  5. Percentage Error in Weights

CMT (6 decks)

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