Lesson 4 Flashcards
is defined as “the energy which converts
electrical energy to chemical energy and vice versa.”
Electrochemical energy
It is the study of electricity and how it relates to chemical
reactions.
electrochemical energy
is the study of chemical processes that cause
electrons to move.
electrochemistry
In electrochemistry, electricity can be generated by movements of
electrons from one element to another in a reaction known as
redox
or oxidation-reduction reaction
All redox reactions involve the __________ of electrons from one atom to
another.
transfer
Oxidation-reduction reactions are also called _________
redox reactions.
Spontaneous redox reactions are generally ___________.
exothermic
______________ are redox (oxidation-reduction) reactions in which
the energy released by a spontaneous reaction is converted to electricity or in
which electricity is used to drive a nonspontaneous chemical reaction.
Electrochemical processes
The loss of electrons by an element during _____________ is marked by an
increase in the element’s oxidation number.
-oxidation
-reducing agent
In ____________, there is a decrease in oxidation number resulting from a
gain of electrons by an element.
-reduction
-oxidizing agent
______ is the loss of electrons, whereas ___________ refers to the acquisition
of electrons
-oxidation
reaction
The apparatus for producing electricity through the use of a spontaneous
reaction is called a ____________
galvanic cell or voltaic cell,
who made galvanic or voltaic cell
Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta,
The zinc and copper bars are called __________.
electrodes
This particular arrangement of electrodes
(Zn and Cu) and solutions (ZnSO4 and CuSO4) is called the _______.
Daniell cell
_______ in a galvanic cell is the electrode at which oxidation occurs.
anodeq
_______ is the electrode at which reduction occurs.
Cathode
is an
inverted U tube containing an inert electrolyte solution, such as KCl or NH4NO3,
whose ions will not react with other ions in solution or with the electrodes.
salt bridge
The voltage across the electrodes of a galvanic cell.
cell voltage or cell potential
Another common term for cell voltage is the _______________, which,
despite its name, is a measure of voltage, not force.
electromotive force or emf (E)
The
conventional notation for representing galvanic cells is the
__________.
cell diagram
potential difference that is called the cell potential (or EMF for
electromotive force, although it is not really a force)
Ecell
E° is the ________________ or the voltage associated with a reduction
reaction at an electrode when all solutes are 1 M and all gases are at 1 atm.
standard reduction potential,
the standard reduction potential of the hydrogen electrode is defined as zero. The
hydrogen electrode is called the __________
standard hydrogen electrode (SHE).
