Lesson 4

Question 1

History

Answer 1

Early policing in brittain followed a communal hue and carry police structure, where there wre families (tythings) who were in charge of policing. The first modern version of police were the bow street runners in the 1700s, followed by the bobbies. The hudson bay company created it’s own police form named the north west mounted police, later known as the royal canadian mounted police.

Question 2

Levels of policing

Answer 2

Federal - royal mounted police. Offers contract policing. Enforces federal laws.

provincial - ontario provincial police, Surete du Quebec, the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary. Enforce provincial and federal laws. Also offers contract policing for municipalities.

Regional Police- hamilton or peel regional police. Smaller independent police departments merge into one larger org.

Municipal- within a cities borders.

private police: pluralisation of policing, sharing of security between private and public law enforcement.

Question 3

policing styles

Answer 3

the police have 3 main jobs, crime control, crime prevention, and maintaining order (ie during protests)

5 policing styles
social agent: problem solver of issues that are more community based and less criminal based

the watchman: emphasis on public order and tolerance, would rather focus on restoration than arrests.

the law enforcer: uses police authority to solve problems.

the crime fighter: emphasizes crime control with a focus on serious crime

Question 4

Police governance

Answer 4

Police acts- provides the basic legislative framework for the structure of police forces and outline police operations

Policing standards: refers to provisions that are supplemental to police acts and set out how police services will be maintained and delivered (things like training)

Police boards: typically comprised of community members and city council members and are involved with the hiring of the Chief Constable, managing the police budget, and negotiating collective agreements with police labour associations.

Question 5

police culture

Answer 5

occupational culture: refers to accepted practices, rules, and principles of conduct that are situationally applied, and generated rationales and beliefs

some attitudes policemen may develop

Police are the only real crime-fighters
No one else understands the real nature of police work
Loyalty to colleagues counts above everything else
It is impossible to win the war against crime without bending the rules
Members of the public are basically unsupportive and unreasonably demanding
Patrol work is the pits

Question 6

mr big

Answer 6

mr big test: undercover cop tricks you into joining an imaginary org and makes you confess a crime to join it. Illegal in most places and taken a legal blow in canada as it may violate section 7 of the charter, and not protect the individuals rights of self incrimination.

Question 7

deviancy

Answer 7

occupational deviancy refers to “criminal and non-criminal [behavior] committed during the course of normal work activities or committed under the guise of the police officer’s authority” (ie getting drugs for personal use)