Lesson 3 (week 6-7) Flashcards
1
Q
The act of lessening the force, or intensity of something unpleasant.
A
Mitigation.
2
Q
done by changing the means or techniques, changing the site or specifying operating practices.
A
Prevention and control
3
Q
done by offsetting adverse impacts in one area with improvements elsewhere.
A
Compensation
4
Q
done by repairing or restoring the environment after damage is done.
A
Remediating/Correction
5
Q
is a term widely used to convey what we mean by responsible, ethical or sustainable tourism.
A
Green tourism
6
Q
such as local law and ordinances on construction and development, protected area system, taxation, environmental fees, food purchase policy, to ensure tourism negative impacts are lessen.
A
Policy Instruments
7
Q
use of several form of _______________ as means to ensure tourism negative impacts are lessen.
A
technology
8
Q
s from planning concepts, materials to be used, constructions up to operations should be in accordance to green design principles are used to lessen negative impacts.
A
Design
9
Q
-is the process by which people acquire the means (the capacity) to achieve a set of goals or accomplish a project successfully.
A
Capacity building
10
Q
Major techniques for managing visitor volume in sensitive areas.
A
Visitors management techniques
11
Q
An approach to the managing and doing of tourism that minimises negative impacts and enhances positive impacts.
A
Responsible tourism
12
Q
is about responding to uncertainties. The overall premise of these guidelines is that tourism and visitor use in protected areas, if managed sustainably, can be a positive agent for nature conservation and, where appropriate, community development.
A
Tourism management
13
Q
By applying best practices, ___________________ can also help realize a wide range of natural and social values that contribute both to the conservation mission of the protected area and, where possible, to benefits for local communities.
A
sustainable tourism
14
Q
The overall premise of these guidelines is that tourism and visitor use in protected areas, if managed sustainably, can be a positive agent for nature conservation and, where appropriate, community development.
A
TOURISM IMPACTS MITIGATION AND VISITORS MANAGEMENT.
15
Q
IUCN MEANING
A
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
16
Q
In the guidelines for sustainability of International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources IUCN, (2018), reported that there are two key issues arise:
what are these
A
- How to provide for visitor use within protected areas without threatening their core natural and associated cultural and spiritual values, and
- How to provide opportunities for recreation and tourism in protected areas that are appropriate, of high quality, and provide benefits to all stakeholders.
17
Q
is about responding to uncertainties. The overall premise of these guidelines is that tourism and visitor use in protected areas, if managed sustainably, can be a positive agent for nature conservation and, where appropriate, community development.
A
Tourism management
18
Q
By applying best practices, ______________________ can also help realize a wide range of natural and social values that contribute both to the conservation mission of the protected area and, where possible, to benefits for local communities. (IUCN, 2018)
A
sustainable tourism
19
Q
how to maximize tourism’s benefits while minimizing its negative impacts.
A
dumdumi (IUCN, 2018)
20
Q
The act of making a condition or consequence less severe.
A
Mitigation
21
Q
Protected areas have a mandate to protect the natural environment, so it is critical for _____________ to identify negative impacts early in an attempt to avoid, mitigate or minimize problems (CBD, 2015).
A
managers
22
Q
The act of lessening the force, or intensity of something unpleasant.
A
Mitigation
23
Q
The tourism impact mitigation measure according to Sharma, (2011) consist of three general types these are:
A
- Prevention and control
- Compensation
- Remediating/Correction -
24
Q
done by changing the means or techniques, changing the site or specifying operating practices.
A
Prevention and control
25
When it comes to environment, it is better to avoid the impact, such as by relocating the site of the planned airport on a small island destination. But if it could not be helped or if the project has already been finished, then _________________ should be implemented.
mitigation measures
26
The implementation of measures designed to reduce the undesirable effects of a proposed action on the environment
Mitigation
27
The last resort is to _______- for the damage.
compensate
28
done by offsetting adverse impacts in one area with improvements elsewhere.
Compensation
29
done by repairing or restoring the environment after damage is done.
Remediating/Correction
30
Financial incentive
(Direct and Indirect Incentives from Government)
* Low-interest loans
* Loan guarantees
* Working capital loans
* Training grants
* Infrastructure assistance
* Land donations
31
Measures that can be used to lessen the negative Economic Impacts.
1. Implement incentive programs to local and foreign investors.
2. Use accredited operators
3. Buy locally made souvenirs
4. Eat at local restaurants
5. Stay in locally-owned places
6. Support responsible tourism organizations
32
Measures that can be used to lessen the negative Socio-cultural Impacts
1. See traditions in the light of development
2. Treat cultural differences with acceptance
3. Emphasize the importance of treasuring the heritages
4. Balance the development and protection
33
1. See traditions in the light of development
2. Treat cultural differences with acceptance
3. Emphasize the importance of treasuring the heritages
4. Balance the development and protection
Measures that can be used to lessen the negative Socio-cultural Impacts
34
Measures that can be used to lessen the negative Environmental Impacts
1. Diversification of product range.
2. Reduce tourist numbers in some areas
3. Eco-tourism
4. Green Tourism
5. Implementation of strict law.
6. The need for management and stewardship.
35
- It is important to diversify the destinations' product range by opening up new
adventures.
- This is to achieve a better distribution of tourist activities throughout the
country.
- In addition, to reduce some of the environmental issues created at tourism hotspots.
1. Diversification of product range.
36
- Putting an increased focus on ____ so that they can help to preserve the wildlife and the environment.
- This also hoped in reducing social conflict between authorities and other
groups such as tribal people and farmers.
3. Eco-tourism
37
- Putting limitations to the number of tourists allowed to visit a specific area
per year.
- Moreover, the government should also double the entrance fees.
- This can maintain the income from this area.
2. Reduce tourist numbers in some areas
38
_____________ is a term widely used to convey what we mean by responsible, ethical or sustainable tourism.
4. Green Tourism
39
-It is not only places an emphasis upon protecting the environment, but also involves the local people in making decisions that affect their land and living.
-It can improve the preservation and transmission of cultural and historical
traditions.
4. Green Tourism
40
are multi-level, from the individual to organizations and communities (UNEP, 2008)
Tourism impact adaptation and mitigation
41
Tourism impact adaptation and mitigation are multi-level, from the individual to organizations and communities (UNEP, 2008) such as:
1. Policy Instruments
2. Technology
3. Design
4. Capacity-building
5. Behavioral modifications
42
such as local law and ordinances on construction and development, protected area system, taxation, environmental fees, food purchase policy, etc.
1. Policy Instruments
43
such as LED lighting, motion-sensor flush and lighting, alternative energy (e.g., solar), key card
2. Technology
44
Green designs from planning concepts, materials to be used, constructions up to operations should be in accordance to green design principles.
3. Design
45
is the process by which people acquire the means (the capacity) to achieve a set of goals or accomplish a project successfully.
4. Capacity-building
46
does not simply mean training; it is much more than that. The process of __________________________ includes enabling people to acquire the knowledge and abilities they need, whether through specific training, education in the broad sense, or development of critical thinking skills
4. Capacity-building
47
Modifying tourist behavior is another important component of impact mitigation.
(Cruz, 2014).
5. Behavioral modifications
48
Middleton, (1998) as cited by Cruz, (2014) suggested the ten Rs of Sustainable Tourist Behavior:
1. Recognize that behavior creates substantial consequences.
2. Refuse to buy products that use materials from endangered species
3. Reduce consumption of local resources to what you actually need.
4. Replace experiences with those that have fewer or no impacts on the environment.
5. Re-use products
6. Recycle products for a different purpose
7. Re-engineer behavior by active personal intervention, such as by suggesting to tour guides that you just want to view wildlife from a safe distance so they will not be disturbed.
8. Retain in order to develop physically and learn new personal skills to cope better in new situations.
9. Re-educate people to adopt long-term sustainable personal behavior.
49
1. Recognize that behavior creates substantial consequences.
2. Refuse to buy products that use materials from endangered species
3. Reduce consumption of local resources to what you actually need.
4. Replace experiences with those that have fewer or no impacts on the environment.
5. Re-use products
6. Recycle products for a different purpose
7. Re-engineer behavior by active personal intervention, such as by suggesting to tour guides that you just want to view wildlife from a safe distance so they will not be disturbed.
8. Retain in order to develop physically and learn new personal skills to cope better in new situations.
9. Re-educate people to adopt long-term sustainable personal behavior.
50
Major techniques for managing visitor volume in sensitive areas according to
DENR, (2013) as cited by Cruz (2014) include:
VISITORS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
51
Change user fees (environmental fee), which will restrict access; encourage the use of other sites; limit length of stay, remove facilities in other areas and set carrying capacity.
- Control visitor numbers to reduce use.
52
Assign specific areas for different use such as waiting area, boarding area or dining area.
- Set boundaries.
53
Schedule trips so that sites is not overwhelmed by so many visitors at any given time. Encourage off-peak visits by charging higher fees during peak period.
- Manage the timing of use.
54
Place "do's and don'ts" signs in strategic areas; prohibit camping, cooking, bringing of pets and bottled and canned drinks.
- Manage visitors behavior.
55
Inform visitors of the condition of the site to be visited and what they can and cannot do; educate visitor on acceptable behavior, such as taking of photos of animals without using a flash, not touching the stone deposits inside a cave, etc.
- Manage visitor expectations.
56
Construct elevated boardwalks to minimize trampling. Put up barriers (fences, ditches) to stop people from going into sensitive wetlands of endangered species.
Increase the resistance of the resource.
57
Such as use artificial reefs or rock walls to prevent coastal erosion.
-Harden the sites to reduce erosion
58
Close certain areas for a certain period to allow ecosystem to recover.
- Maintain and rehabilitate resource.
59
This help prevent damage to trails and vegetation and reduces noise that can disturb wildlife.
- Prohibit vehicles and certain types of equipment.
60
for wilderness camping, such as portable stove and remote sensing devises in case the visitor need to be rescued.
Require visitors to bring certain equipment
61
visitors centers, maps brochures, signs, information posts, etc. Interpretation is the weaving of facts and data about the place so the visitors come to understand and appreciate the values for which the park was established.
- Provide different media for interpretation
62
Divers, mountaineers and eco-guides must have certifications.
Limit entry of groups from accredited tour operators only
63
An approach to the managing and doing of tourism that minimises negative impacts and enhances positive impacts
RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
64
* A continual process
RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
65
Outcome is better places for people to live in, and for people to visit
RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
66
Measure of success is higher incomes, more satisfying jobs, and improved social, cultural and natural facilities.
RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
67
The core of responsible tourism: sustainable tourism development
ESE
ENVIRONMENTAL
SOCAL
ECONOMIC
68
*Make optimal use of environmental resources
- a key element in tourism development
* Maintain essential ecological processes and help conserve natural heritage and biodiversity
ENVIRONMENTAL
69
* Respect and conserve socio-cultural
authenticity and heritage
* Respect traditional values
*Contribute to intercultural understanding and tolerance
SOCIAL
70
* Ensure viable, long term economic benefits to all
* Ensure fair distribution of economic benefits including social services
*Contribute to poverty alleviation
ECONOMIC
71
Whose responsibility, is it?
TOURIST
STAFF
MANAGERS
BUSINESSES
GOVERNMENT
COMMUNITIES
72
measure to responsible tourism”
GOVERNMENT
BUSINESSES
HOST COMMUNITIES
VISITORS
73
PRACTICES IN RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
1. Minimises negative economic, environmental, and social impacts;
2. Generates greater economic benefits for local people and enhances the well-being of host communities, improves working conditions and access to the industry;
3. Involves local people in decisions that affect their lives and life chances;
4. Makes positive contributions to the conservation of natural and cultural heritage, to the maintenance of the world's diversity:
5. Provides more enjoyable experiences for tourists through more meaningful connections with local people, and a greater understanding of local cultural, social and environmental issues;
6. Provides access for physically challenged people; and
7. Is culturally sensitive, engenders respect between tourists and hosts, and builds local pride and confidence.
74
1. Minimises negative economic, environmental, and social impacts;
2. Generates greater economic benefits for local people and enhances the well-being of host communities, improves working conditions and access to the industry;
3. Involves local people in decisions that affect their lives and life chances;
4. Makes positive contributions to the conservation of natural and cultural heritage, to the maintenance of the world's diversity:
5. Provides more enjoyable experiences for tourists through more meaningful connections with local people, and a greater understanding of local cultural, social and environmental issues;
6. Provides access for physically challenged people; and
7. Is culturally sensitive, engenders respect between tourists and hosts, and builds local pride and confidence.
PRACTICES IN RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
75
* Assess environmental impacts
* Use local resources sustainably, avoid waste & over-consumption
* Maintain and encourage natural diversity
* Promote education and awareness for sustainable development
* Raise the capacity of all stakeholders
Environmental guiding principles
76
* Assess economic impacts before developing tourism
* Maximise local economic benefits by increasing linkages and reducing leakages
* Ensure communities are involved in and benefit from tourism
* Assist with marketing and product development
* Promote equitable business practices
Economic guiding principles
77
* Involve the local community in planning and decision-making
* Assess social impacts of tourism activities
* Maintain and encourage social and cultural diversity
* Be sensitive to the host culture
Social guiding principles
78
Clear indication of accessible services and facilities
Tourism information and publicity
79
Training in communicating with and providing assistance to customers with disabilities and services and facilities available.
Preparation of staff
80
Provision of goods and services that cater for visitors with disabilities.
Tourism facilities and sites
81
Allocation of specially designed rooms for people in a wheelchair or mobility impaired.
Accommodation facilities
82
Ease of internal and external access to restaurants, cafes and bars.
Catering facilities
83
Ease of internal and external access, staff training, interpretation for vision and hearing impaired.
Museums and other buildings of tourist interest
84
Tour buses accommodate tourists with physical disabilities, interpretation for vision and hearing impaired, one or more staff trained in sign language...
Excursions
85
* Goals / targets
* Policies
* Jurisdictions infrastructure
Amenities
・ Heritage management
government
86
* Access
* Involvement / beneficiaries
* Quality of life
* Heritage management
host communities
87
* Volume
* Activities
* Attitudes
* Spend
visitors
88
* Sustainable practices / management
* Interaction with local
community / destination
* Labour
businesses
89
Clear indication of accessible services and facilities
Tourism information and publicity
90
Training in communicating with and providing assistance to customers with disabilities and services and facilities available.
Preparation of staff
91
Provision of goods and services that cater for visitors with disabilities.
Tourism facilities and sites
92
Allocation of specially designed rooms for people in a wheelchair or mobility impaired.
Accommodation facilities
93
Ease of internal and external access to restaurants, cafes and bars.
Catering facilities
94
Ease of internal and external access, staff training, interpretation for vision and hearing impaired.
Museums and other buildings of tourist interest
95
Tour buses accommodate tourists with physical disabilities, interpretation for vision and hearing impaired, one or more staff trained in sign language...
Excursions
