Lesson 3 : TRANSMISSION GENETICS

Question 1

Father of Genetics

Answer 1

GREGOR MENDEL

Question 2

Gregor Mendel conducted experiments from ____ to _____ on traits in _______ plants.

Answer 2

1857 to 1863
24,034

Question 3

In ____s Gregor Mendel discovered the
______________ by breeding _________.

Answer 3

fundamental principles of genetics
garden peas

Question 4

Mendel’s first law of inheritance

Answer 4

LAW OF SEGREGATION

Question 5

Another term for the LAW OF SEGREGATION

Answer 5

Law of Gene Segregation

Question 6

What does the Law of Segregation states

Answer 6

It states that alleles segregate randomly into gametes. Such that half of the parents’ gametes carry each allele.

Question 7

PEAS WERE IDEAL DUE TO THE FOLLOWING
FACTORS:

Answer 7

● Easy to grow.
● Develop quickly.
● Have many traits that take one of two easily distinguishable forms.

Question 8

it is the characteristics outside or outside distinguishable expression of an organism.

Answer 8

Phenotype

Question 9

HIERARCHY OF GENETIC CROSSES

Answer 9

● P1 - first generation or parenteral generation.
● F1 - second generation or the first filial generation.
● F2 - third generation or the second filial generation.

Question 10

TYPES OF BREED

● True-Breeding
● Monohybrid Cross

Answer 10

● True-Breeding
○ Offspring have the same trait as parents.
○ The observed trait is dominant.
○ The masked trait is recessive.
● Monohybrid Cross
○ Follows one trait.
○ Is a cross of two heterozygous individuals for a single trait.

Question 11

TERMS AND TOOLS TO FOLLOW SEGREGATINGGENES

● Homozygous
● Heterozygous
● Genotype
● Phenotype
● Wild Type

Answer 11

● Homozygous
○ Carry same alleles TT or tt.

● Heterozygous
○ Carry different alleles Tt.
○ Non-true breeding or hybrid.

● Genotype
○ Organism’s alleles.

● Phenotype
○ Outward expression of an allele combination.

● Wild Type
○ Most common phenotype in a population for a particular gene (Dominant or Recessive).

Question 12

A _________ illustrates how alleles combine in offspring.

Answer 12

Punnett Square

Question 13

Helps identify if the breeding is true-breeding or non-true-breeding.

Answer 13

TEST CROSS

Question 14

A ________ controls trait transmission, but other genes and the environment affect the ___________ or __________.

Answer 14

single gene
degree of the trait or severity of the illness

Question 15

When one parent has an autosomal dominant condition and the other does not, each offspring has a ______ probability of inheriting the _________ and _________.

Answer 15

50%
mutant allele
the condition

Question 16

CRITERIA FOR AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE TRAITS

Answer 16

● Males and females can be affected.
● Affected males and females can transmit the gene, unless it causes death before reproductive age.
● Trait can skip generations.
● Parents of an affected individual are heterozygous or have the trait.
● Conditions likely to occur in families with consanguinity.

Question 17

Define Consanguinity

Answer 17

you are closely related to each other

Question 18

DOMINANCE AND RECESSIVENESS

Answer 18

● Dominance
○ Gain of function
● Recessive
○ Loss of function

Question 19

What does the LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
state

Answer 19

States that the alleles of two or more different genes get sorted into gametes independently into each other.

Question 20

The likelihood that an event will occur.

Answer 20

PROBABILITY

Question 21

Probability of simultaneous independent events equals the product of their individual probabilities.

Answer 21

Product rule

Question 22

are symbolic representations of family relationships and the transmission of inherited traits.

Answer 22

Pedigrees

Question 23

A partial pedigree of Egypt’s Ptolemy dynasty showing:

Answer 23

○ Genealogy not traits
○ Extensive inbreeding

Question 24

Deficiency in melanin production

Answer 24

Albinism

Question 25

Parents are inferred to be heterozygous

Answer 25

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE TRAIT

Question 26

Does not skip generations, can affect both sexes.

Answer 26

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT TRAIT

Question 27

extra fingers and/or toes.

Answer 27

Polydactyly

Question 28

This pedigree can account for either an autosomal dominant or an autosomal recessive trait.

Answer 28

INCONCLUSIVE PEDIGREE

Question 29

Pedigrees and Punnett squares apply Mendel’s laws to predict the recurrence risks of inherited conditions

Answer 29

CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY