Lesson 3: The Circulatory System Flashcards
delivers the oxygen and nutrients to all cells in the human body.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
heart, blood vessels, and blood
Cardiovascular System
lymph, lymph nodes, and vessels
Lymphatic System
thin, watery membrane on the outer layer of the heart
covers the heart and is attached to the pericardium
Epicardium
thick layer of cardiac muscles in the middle layer of the heart
pumps blood into the arteries by contracting
Myocardium
thin layer of epithelial cells in the inner layer of the heart
lines the valves and interior chambers
Endocardium
upper right chamber
receives deoxygenated blood
Right Atrium
lower right chamber
receives blood from right atrium -> pulmonary artery
Right Ventricle
upper left chamber
receives oxygenated blood from lungs -> left ventricle
Left Atrium
lower left chamber
receives blood from left atrium -> aorta
Left Ventricle
tricuspid valve which is located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Function: Closes as the right ventricles
Right AV valve
bicuspid or mitral valve which is located between the left atrium and left ventricle.
Function: Closes as the left ventricles
Left AV valve
pulmonary or pulmonic valve located at the entrance of the pulmonary artery.
Function: Closes when the right ventricle relaxes preventing blood from flowing back to the right ventricle.
Right semilunar valve
aortic valve located at the entrance of the aorta.
Function: Closes when the left ventricle relaxes preventing blood from flowing back to the left ventricle.
Left semilunar valve
partition that separates the right from the left atria.
Interatrial septum
receives blood supply thru the left and right coronary arteries, and coronary veins return the oxygen depleted blood from the heart muscle back to the heart.
CORONARY CIRCULATION
the Coronary circulation supplies the blood and also provides drainage from the tissues
composed of the left and right coronary arteries and coronary veins
Heart function
Systole (contraction) & diastole (relaxation) which lasts about 0.8 seconds
CARDIAC CYCLE
Sends electric impulses throughout the myocardium which is initiated by the Sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker)
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION SYSTEM
Provides the graphical representation of the cardiac cycle’s activity
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
The average heart rate is 72 beats per minute (bpm) and the cardiac output refers to the volume of blood pumped per minute
HEART RATE AND CARDIAC OUTPUT
“lubb” which is the first sound as the ventricles contract or the AV valves close and “dupp” or the second sound which is heard when the semilunar valves close and the ventricles relax.
ORIGIN HEART SOUND
A rhythmic throbbing resulting from the alternating expansion and contraction of the artery
PULSE
The force which was exerted by the blood on the walls of the vessel which is measured by the sphygmomanometer. The blood pressure is the difference between the systolic (pressure during contraction) and diastolic (pressure during relaxation).
BLOOD PRESSURE
chest pain resulting from reduced blood flow to the heart
Angina pectoris
murmuring sound produced when aortic leaflets fail to fully open during systole
Aortic stenosis
infection that happens when a bacteria enters and reside in the heart lining or blood vessel
Bacterial endocarditis
chronic progressive condition that affects the pumping power
Congestive heart failure
heart attack, decrease or full stoppage of blood flow
Myocardial infarction
inflammation of the pericardial sac
Pericarditis
moves blood between right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary Circulation
moves the oxygenated blood and nutrients from the left ventricle to the heart to the rest of the body
Systematic Circulation
thick-walled blood vessels
carry oxygen-rich blood
Arteries
small-diameter blood vessels
branch out from arteries and lead to capillaries
Arterioles
tubes with thin walls that carry deoxygenated blood
Veins
very small veins that collect blood from capillaries
Venules
fine hair-like blood vessels that connect arterioles and veins
Capillaries
outer connective tissue
tunica adventitia
middle, muscle and elastic fiber
tunica media
inner, endothelial cells
tunica intima
space inside the blood vessel
Lumen
found in veins, thin membranous leaflets that prevent backflow of blood
Valves
RBCs carry O2 and CO2 produced in the bone marrow
Erythrocytes
WBCs neutralize pathogens, granulocytes and agranulocytes
Leukocytes
platelets help form blood clots
Thrombocytes
fluid part of the blood that is left after clotting because it has no fibrinogen
Serum
fluid portion that is separated by centrifugation from the rbc, wbc, and platelets
Plasma
contains wbc and platelets
Buffy Coat
blood in the bloodstream and should neither clot nor separate
Whole Blood
is a network of tissues and organs that is responsible for the removal of toxins and waste in the body
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
lympathetic vessels, ducts, and masses of lymph tissue
Nodes
stoppage of bleeding
Hemostatis
process where blood changes from a liquid state into a gel that forms blood clot
Coagulation
enzyme that plays an important role in coagulation
Thrombin
fibrin is dissloved
Fibrinolysis
also called the elbow pit is a triangular area on the anterior of the elbow
Antecubital fossa
a vein arrangement that occurs in about 70% of the population
H-Shaped antecubital veins
preffered venipuncture site
Median cubital vein
Second choice for venipunture
Cephalic vein
Last choice for venipuncture
Basilic Vein
used only if the antecubital veins are not accessible
Other arm and hand veins
must not be used in venipuncture with the permission of a physician due to complications such as thrombosis
Leg, ankle and foot veins
not used for routine blood collection and limited to collection of arterial blood gas. Special training is needed and it is more risky for the patient
Arteries
