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A&P 1 > Lesson 3 Terms > Flashcards

Lesson 3 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebrae, ribs

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2
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

limbs, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle

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3
Q

bones markings indicate

A

where bones form joints, ligaments attach, and blood vessels and nerves pass

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4
Q

tuberosity

A

large rounded projection; may be roughed

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5
Q

crest

A

narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

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6
Q

trochanter

A

very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (the only examples are on the femur)

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7
Q

line

A

narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

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8
Q

tubercle

A

small rounded projection or process

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9
Q

epicondyle

A

raised area on or above a condyle

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10
Q

spine

A

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

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11
Q

process

A

any bony prominence

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12
Q

head

A

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

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13
Q

facet

A

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

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14
Q

condyle

A

rounded articular projection

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15
Q

ramus

A

armlike bar of bone

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16
Q

groove

A

furrow

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17
Q

fissure

A

narrow, slitlike opening

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18
Q

foramen

A

round or oval opening through a bone

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19
Q

notch

A

indentation at the edge of a structure

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20
Q

meatus

A

canal-like passageway

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21
Q

sinus

A

bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

22
Q

fossa

A

shallow basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

23
Q

compact bone

A

smooth and homogenous

24
Q

spongy/cancellous bone

A

has small trabeculae (bars) and lots of space

25
Q

long bones

A

longer than they are wide; made mostly of compact bone (femur)

26
Q

short bones

A

cube shaped; mostly spongy bone (tarsals/carpals)

27
Q

flat bones

A

thin, 2 wafer-like layers of compact bone with spongy bone in between (skull)

28
Q

irregular bones

A

irregular shaped bones (vertebrae)

29
Q

epiphysis

A

end of bone (distal and proximal)

30
Q

periosteum

A

covers the bone; Sharpey’s fiber from this penetrate the bone

31
Q

articular cartilage

A

covers epiphyseal surface instead of periosteum

32
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

area of hyaline cartilage where longitudinal growth of bones occur (seen as epiphyseal line in adults)

33
Q

endosteum

A

lines the shaft

34
Q

medullary cavity

A

hollow central interior. contains yellow bone marrow in adults, red bone marrow in infants

35
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

composed of adipose tissue (fat cells)

36
Q

red bone marrow

A

consists of immature red and white blood cells and stem cells. used to produce blood cells

37
Q

Osteon (Haversian system)

A

central canal and all concentric lamellae with Haversian/central canal in center

38
Q

Haversian/central canal

A

runs along length of bones; carries blood, lymph vessels and nerves

39
Q

canaliculus/canaliculi

A

tiny canals radiating outwards from central canal (single canal = canaliculus). They connect the central canal to small chambers in the lamellae called lacunae

40
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells found inside lacunae

41
Q

lacunae

A

small chambers that ‘house’ the mature bone cells (osteocytes)

42
Q

perforating/Volkmann’s canals

A

canals that run into compact bone and marrow cavity from the periosteum

43
Q

Shin splints

A

caused by:
- inflammation of periosteum (periostitis)
- inflammation of the perforating fibers
- flat feet, inversion of feet with impact exercises

44
Q

articular cartilage

A

covers bone ends of movable joints

45
Q

costal

A

connecting ribs to sternum

46
Q

laryngeal

A

construct the larynx

47
Q

tracheal and bronchial

A

reinforce passageways of respiratory system

48
Q

nasal

A

supports nose

49
Q

intervertebral discs

A

cushion bones of spine

50
Q

hyaline

A

found in nasal, articular, costal, tracheal/bronchial (air passages). Most skeletal cartilages are composed of this type

51
Q

elastic

A

only found in external ear and epiglottis

52
Q

fibrocartilage

A

found in cartilage at knee joint, pubic symphysis, intervertebral

A&P 1 (3 decks)

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