lesson 3 - planning in management Flashcards
it is the process of FORMULATING OBJECTIVES and determining the steps which will be employed obtaining them
Planning
it is where it helps set an achievable course of action by establishing long term and short-term goals, monitoring progress, and help set an environment where day-to-day process are well controlled, measured, and thoroughly understood
planning
goals should be: R A S
realistic
achievable
short and long term goals
it is the THINKING and ANALYZING portion of the management processes
planning
when you start something, you always start with _______ to know or achieve operations of the different organizations
planning
Planning hierarchy is composed of 11 parts which are:
- mission
- vision
- goals
- objectives
- strategies
- policies
- procedures
- rules
- programs
- budget
- performance measures
what are the five parts of the implementation plan
- policies
- procedures
- rules
- program
- budget
this the part of the planning hierarchy it is the PURPOSE of the organization and it has shared values and beliefs
mission
this the part of the planning hierarchy where IT IS THE ESSENCE OF THE PRESENT
mission
this the part of the planning hierarchy where it determines BROADLY the future of the organization
vision
this the part of the planning hierarchy where WHAT THE ORGANIZATION WISH TO BECOME
vision
this the part of the planning hierarchy where it is NOT TOO WORDY IN WRITING
vision
what is the ideal number of sentence/s when writing a vision
1-2 sentences
this the part of the planning hierarchy it is the LONG-TERM ambitions or DESIRED OUTCOMES of the organization
goals
this the part of the planning hierarchy where IT IS DIFFICULT TO DETERMINE when it can be accomplished
goals
this the part of the planning hierarchy where specific SHORT TERM ACTIONS to reach the goal
objectives
it is clearly defined, measurable, time bound standards or tasks
objectives
together with goals, it answers the question WHAT the organization wishes to achieve
objectives
it supports the mission and vision of the organization
objectives or goals
this the part of the planning hierarchy where PLANS DEVISED in order to achieve the goals and objective of the organization
strategies
it answers the question HOW the organization wishes to achieve their objective and goals
strategies
it is very similar to goals and objectives
strategies
this the part of the planning hierarchy where it is the LAWS OF THE LABORATORY or ORGANIZATION
policies
this expresses BEHAVIORAL EXPECTATIONS applied to everyone in an organization
policies
it is a comprehensive guideline of OBJECTIVE CONSISTENT DECISION MAKING that connects STRATEGIES WITH IMPLEMENTATION
policies
this the part of the planning hierarchy where plans that establish a REQUIRED METHOD OF HANDLING future activities
procedures
WRITTEN, SEQUENTIAL COURSES OF ACTION taken to achieve a goal
procedures
this the part of the planning hierarchy where it is SPECIFIC, RIGID, and DETAILED guides to action strictly obeyed by organizational members
rules
it is where VIOLATION entails DISCIPLINARY ACTION
rules
this the part of the planning hierarchy where ACTIVITIES are important to achieve single-use plan
programs
it is a COMBINATION OF ACTION PLANS devised to accomplish a mission
programs
DETAILED PLAN composed of its own goals, procedures, rules, and regulations
programs
this the part of the planning hierarchy where it is a SHORT TERM FINANCIAL PLAN
budgets
it is developed to aid an organization’s RESOURCE ALLOCATION
budgets
this the part of the planning hierarchy where it ESTABLISHES INDICATORS FOR SUCCESS
performance measures
set standards on how you want to EVALUATE how you achieve the organization
performance measures
each part of the hierarchy should support the one ___ it
before
what are the 4 types of planning (SOTC)
- strategic planning
- operational planning
- tactical planning
- contingency planning
this type of planning considers the LONG-TERM ISSUES AND THE VISION of the organization
strategic planning
this is broader compared to operational planning
strategic planning
this type of planning that focuses on the DAY-TO-DAY tasks like staffing and inventory
operational planning
this type of planning has a more DETAILED OBJECTIVES with sets of deadlines and task assignments
operational planning
this type of planning is used to reach goals using STRATEGIC and OPERATIONAL plans
tactical planning
this type of planning includes SHORT-TERM OBJECTIVES and TASKS developed to produce RESULTS WITHIN A SHORT TIMEFRAME
tactical planning
this type of planning is CLOSEST TO THE OPERATIONAL PLAN
tactical planning
this type of planning is where detailed tasks or action items applied in an EMERGENCY SITUATION that could HINDER organizational operations
contingency planning
this type of planning is for BACK UP PLAN
contingency planning
it is methodological STRUCTURED process involving an organization’s identification of their mission and direction, creating a UNIFIED, ACTION-ORIENTED APPROACH in accomplishing both long term and short-term goals by assigning responsibilities, allocating resources, and prioritizing the goals
strategic planning
it ideally includes the participation of the supervisor and staff in every level to best create a plan that includes the entire organization operation
strategic planning
it deals a lot of long term organization operations
strategic planning
all departments in the organization must be __________ in creating strategic planning
well-organized
it is the first step in creating unified approach is the selection of
planning group
it is a small group of knowledgeable, motivated staff from all areas of the laboratory assembled by the leader or manager to participate in the planning process
planning group
often includes an objective, contructive facilitator
planning group
it is ideal that the facilitator is objective/unbiased and usually someone from outside of the organization, because _________ might create an imbalance in the emphasis of the planning process
subjectivity
it is a systematic analysis between the internal and external factors that influence the laboratory or the organization
environment analysis
it is gathering data from any possible source
environment analysis
gathering data from any possible source for environment analysis, what are the possible source?
financial information:
1. trends and projections
2. capital equipment inventories
3. personnel data
4. laboratory specific performance data
it sets TONE and REALISTIC CONTEXT for planning
environment analysis
Depending on where an organization is located, it might operate differently
environment analysis
this analysis is important to ensure that the planning process is reflective of the operations suitable to its environment or context
environment analysis
this is an environmental analysis that examines both the internal and external factors
SWOT Analysis
SWOT means
Strength
Weakness
Opportunities
Threats
the internal assessments of the SWOT analysis
Strengths and Weakness
the external assessments of the SWOT analysis
opportunities and threats
in the swot analysis, these are the advantages present already in an organization
strengths
in the swot analysis, these are the deficiencies of an organization
weakness
in the swot analysis, these are the different situations where the advantages can be applied
opportunities
in the swot analysis, these are the external factors that would pose the risks
threats
this is an environmental analysis of an organization in the conduct of a project after assessments regarding particular EXTERNAL MACRO-ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
PESTLE analysis
PESTLE analysis meaning
Political
Economic
Social
Technological
Legal
Environmental
in the PESTLE analysis, what is the additional E to some organizations mean?
Ethical Implications
under Politics
- Policies and Laws
- Stability
- Corruption
under Economic
- Growth
- inflation
- Interest Rate
- Employment
- HH Income
under Social
- population
- ageing
- lifestyle
- career views
- cultural barriers
under Technological
- Technology Incentives
- Automation
- R&D Activity
- Innovation
under Legal
- antitrust
- labor
- copyright
- data privacy
- health and safety
under Environmental
- climate change
- ethics
- recycling and disposing
- sustainability
what are the 8 steps in strategic planning?
- select a planning group
- conduct environmental analysis (SWOT or PESTLE)
- construct a list of manageable and realistic achievable goals
- prioritize goals (must do vs want to do)
- develop list of strategies to achieve goals
- assign accountabilities and timelines
- measure progress with metrics
- review progress and make update on a regular basis
is a conscious choice made after evaluating available alternative for achieving a specific result
decision
what are the characteristics of a good decision?
- based on a complete investigation of the root of the causes and potential problems
- should identify and evaluate alternative solutions
- selection of the best choice
- should encompass an effective strategy for solution implementation
what are the 7 steps in making decision?
RIDIE IF
- recognition that there is a problem
- investigation and analyze
- definition of the nature and boundaries of the problem
- identify alternative solution
- evaluation of each option
- implementation of the solution
7.. follow up
Qualitative decision-making techniques
- Personal Judgement
- Solicitation of Advice
it is a qualitative decision-making technique that improved through the accumulation of more life and more work experience
personal judgement
what are the 4 types of solicitation of advice:
- brainstorming
- synectics
- nominal grouping
- delphi method
it is a type of solicitation of advice that it is where group members are freely and spontaneously input ideas and solutions for later evaluation without regard to validity
brainstorming
it is a type of solicitation of advice that is where group members are brought together as a problem solving or troubleshooting team
synectics
it is a type of solicitation of advice that it is a highly structured meeting wherein group members write ideas in private and present them to the group; alternative solutions are voted on and ranked in secret
nominal grouping
it is a type of solicitation of advice that is a modification of nominal grouping, input and opinions of experts are solicited on questionnaires prior to the meeting, after which they are discussed and voted on ANONYMMOUSLY; applied when MAKING DECISIONS BASED ON FUTURE EVENTS or IDEAS
delphi method
it is a process of EVALUATING AND SELECTING THE BEST COURSE OF ACTION among multiple options
Systematic Option Review
a performance management that involves setting goals to align employee efforts with organizational objectives and enhance performance
management by objectives
program that applies all management processes in everyday practice
MBO Programs
program that is focused on quality assurance and performance improvement
MBO Programs
Management by Objective Process (6)
- define organizational goals
- define employee objectives
- continue monitoring performance and programs
- provide feedback
- performance appraisal
- performance evaluation
what are the characteristics of objectives
- devised following extensively planned long-term goals
- collaborative effort between organizational members and supervisors
- tailored to the job and responsibility of each organizational member
- accomplished with organizational members’ power
- measurable and time-specific
- incorporate a performance evaluation or feedback mechanism
what are the steps in implementing the management by objectives
- clear goal and objective setting by manager
- clear communication of goals and objectives to organizational members
- agreement of established goals and objectives between manager and members