Lesson 3: Intercultural Communication Flashcards
Is a multi-faceted construct which is defined as “membership in a community or group that shares a common history, traditions, norms, and imaginings in a particular space.”
Culture
According to time orientation, culture may either be ?
Monochronic or Polychronic
People from this culture do one thing at a time, take commitments seriously, show great respect for privacy, and are accustomed to short-term relationships.
Monochronic
Engage in multi-tasking, lend or borrow things easily, and have a strong tendency to build life time relationships.
Polychronic
In terms of how messages are encoded, culture may either b?
High context or Low Context
This culture emphasize “Community, collaboration, shared interest, harmony, tradition, the public good, and maintaining face.
Collectivist Cultures
Give primacy to “personal rights and responsibilities, privacy, voicing one’s opinion, freedom, innovation, and self expression.”
Individualistic Cultures
Employ indirect communication strategies characterized by implicit verbal messages and subtle non-verbal behaviors.
High context cultures
The use of touch in communication
Haptics
Where people of different backgrounds converge.
Microcosm
Which requires understanding dominant cultural values and understanding how our own cultural values affect the way we perceive ourselves and others.
Intercultural communication
SEVEN IMPORTANT ACTIONS AS KEY COMPONENTS OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY: (RRVVEEC)
1.) RECOGNITION of the abundant diversity of culture
2.) RESPECT for the differences
3.) Acknowledging the VALIDITY of different cultural expressions and contributions.
4.) VALUING what other cultures offer.
5.) ENCOURAGING the contribution of diverse groups
6.) EMPOWERING people to strengthen themselves and others to achieve their maximum potential by being critical to their own bias.
7.) CELEBRATING rather than just tolerating the differences in order to bring about unity through diversity.
The tendency or disposition to judge other people’s culture with disfavor and too consider one’s own as being superior to the other.
Ethnocentrism
Practices prescribed by a particular society as being improper or unacceptable given their culture.
Cultural Taboos
The amount of space between speakers defines their relationship in terms of gender, age, and social status.
Personal Space
He explains that every ‘sign’ has two main components
Ferdinand de Saussere
‘sign’ has two main components
The signifier and the Signified
Which may be an object, word or an image refers to the material that is signified.
The signifier
Refers to the concept which the signifier refers to and this would be the meaning that is drawn by the receiver of the sign.
The Signified
Which refers to an understanding that cultures vary and these variances are not given labels as positive or negative, good or bad.
Cultural Sensitivity
He used the term register
Thomas Bertam Reid
Refers to a variety of language used by speakers in a particular setting and this variation is defined by use and user.
Register
Presents a typology to describe speech styles where he identifies five language registers.
“The Five Clocks”
five language registers:
Static/Frozen
Formal
Consultative
Casual
Intimate
Requires the use of language that rarely or never changes.
Static/Frozen
Is used in professional discourse where one of the speakers is viewed as the expert
Consultative
Is used in informal settings like conversing with friends or engaging in small talk with other people.
Casual
Is used for private communication where the relationship between speakers is very personal as in conversations between husband and wife, parent and child.
Intimate
Is used in formal and impersonal settings.
Formal
SPEAKING Mode,
Setting and scene
Participants
Ends
Acts Sequence
Cues
Instrumentalities
Norms of interaction and Interpretation
Genre
Refers to the time and place where thee communication takes place.
Setting and scene
Defines the relationship between the speaker and his/her audience.
Participants
Refers to the purpose, goals, and outcomes of the speech event.
Ends
The intended outcome of the communication experience.
Ends
Refers to the form and order of the event.
Acts Sequence
Establish the tone, manner or spirit of the speech act.
Cues
Which refer to both channel and code.
Instrumentalities
Which refer to the specific normed behaviors and properties inherent in the communicative event and the participants’ actions and reactions.
Norms of interaction and Interpretation
The kind of speech act or event
Genre
Is the individual’s ability to use appropriate language and tone in various discourse contexts.
Communicative Competence
Is ascribed in all cultures and is one of the two major requisites in being a competent speaker.
Politeness
