Lesson 3: Freedom Flashcards
TYPES OF FREEDOM
CIRCUMSTANTIAL FREEDOM
METAPHYSICAL FREEDOM
…is the liberty to accomplish an action without
interference or obstacles
CIRCUMSTANTIAL FREEDOM
…you have the physical ability to
get something done
CIRCUMSTANTIAL FREEDOM
…is POWER TO CHOOSE among
genuine alternatives
METAPHYSICAL FREEDOM
is acting independently
of prior causal factors.
Genuine alternatives
PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS ON FREEDOM
DETERMINISM
LIBERTARIANISM
(indeterminism)
COMPATIBILISM
…is a philosophical view that believes that every event in the
world is brought about by underlying causes or factors.
DETERMINISM
Determinism asserts that man may have circumstantial
freedom, but he
does not have metaphysical freedom
DETERMINISM asserts that man’s path is ___________
PREDETERMINED
…is a philosophical view that believes that human actions are
FREELY CHOSEN.
LIBERTARIANISM
(indeterminism)
LIBERTARIANISM
(indeterminism) …asserts that we do have metaphysical freedom; we
are
MORALLY RESPONSIBLE
We aren’t just puppets dangling from a string,
nor are we subject to some predetermined path.
We’ve got the __________________________________________ between options.
CAPACITY AND INTELLECT
TO CHOOSE
…is a philosophical view that believes that free will and
determinism are compatible idea
COMPATIBILISM
…and that it is possible to believe in both without
being logically inconsistent.
COMPATIBILISM
We are determined and we have
_______________________________________.
__________ freedom is all we need to be
morally responsible
MORAL RESPONSIBILITY, Circumstantial
(father of existentialism)
Søren Kierkegaard
explains _______ as the
dizzying effect of freedom, of
paralyzing possibility, of the
boundlessness of one’s own
existence — a kind of
existential __________ ___ ________
anxiety, paradox of choice
a philosophical theory or approach which emphasizes the
existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining
their own development through acts of the will.
EXISTENTIALISM
For Kierkegaard, to resolve
this paradox of choice, we
must have a leap of faith.
DIZZINESS OF
FREEDOM
Leap of Faith has three components/
stages:
Aesthetic Stage
Ethical Stage
Theological Stage
Aesthetic Stage
immersion in sensuous experience
physical and external standards serve as the basis
an attraction to the beautiful
Aesthetic Stage
(Characteristics)
empty-headedness: you
do not think about it, you
just accept it as it is as
long as it is beautiful
consciousness in terms
of the moral aspects in
life.
an individual tries to
discern whether his
action is good or bad
Ethical Stage
the last stage; the
individual seeks for a
supreme being
freedom is authentic if it is
lived in consciousness with
the supreme being
Theological Stage
Theological Stage
Abraham’s sacrifice of Isaac provides the
difference
Genesis 22:2
Then God said, “Take your son, your only
son, whom you love—Isaac—and go to
the region of Moriah. Sacrifice him there
as a burnt offering on a mountain I will
show you.”
KIERKEGAARD’S CHRISTIANITY
Rejected the sufficiency of the idea of
being born Christian
Christianity is a commitment which the
most of the mob of ‘Christendom’ do not
posses
is
more famous through his works
in Psychology. He is known for
his Operant Conditioning.
Burrhus Frederic Skinner
Burrhus Frederic Skinner also contributed in the question of
freedom. For him,
human freedom is
nothing but an illusion
man is not free because…
a) all present behavior is controlled
by previous behavior and
b)all behavior has motivational
causes which are necessitating
causes.
Reinforcement –
increasing the
probability of
behavior
Positive – reinforcing stimulus is added
- Negative – aversive stimulus is removed
Punishment –
decreasing the
probability of
behavior
positive – aversive stimulus added
- Negative – reinforcing stimulus removed
His position seems to be one of
absolute indeterminism or…
TOTAL
FREEDOM, SARTRE
He believed that man has no
historicity. All he has are future
possibilities the possession of
which he absolutely holds. He is
not defined and determined; he
defines and determines himself
SARTRE
an existentialist philosopher of
the contemporary period.
SARTRE
Freedom is about “______ _ _____” and
that by choosing freedom, the person is
“asserting his existence and his freedom.”
making a choice
Sartre asserts that “__________________________.”
Existence is
not necessity
In Sartre’s view, the barriers to freedom will only
become a hindrance if the…
human person chooses to
accept it as a hindrance to his freedom.
“Freedom” in Sartre concept is not the freedom to
just do something or anything. He says “you are
free” because the person always has a choice,
“therefore choose.” - ____________________________
Freedom is the
capacity to choose
SARTRE FULL NAME
Jean-Paul Sartre
