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SOCS11: Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person > Lesson 1: Doing Philosophy > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Doing Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

Philosophy comes from the Greek words: ______ (____) and ______ (______)

A

philos (love), sophia (wisdom)

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2
Q

which were used by ancient Greeks to refer to…

A

“love of wisdom”

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3
Q

and soon applied it to the study or
discipline that…

A

uses human reason to
investigate the ultimate, causes,
reasons, and principles which govern all
things.

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4
Q

Philosophers are people who engage in ___________
“______ __ __________”

A

philosophy, “lovers of wisdom”

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5
Q

__________ is the birthplace of philosophy in the West.

A

Greece

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6
Q

To be more precise it is the
ancient Greek city of _________ in the Western
coast of what is now
________ that gave birth to
philosophy.

A

Miletus, Turkey

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7
Q

It is in this city that the first philosopher in the West,
_______, lived.

A

Miletus/Turkey, THALES

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8
Q

_________ was an ancient _______ philosopher from ______ who lived in
the ___________________. _______the philosopher is known for proposing that
water was the fundamental principle of the universe; and he attempted
to create a theory that would explain the natural world.

A

Thales, Greek, Miletus, 6th century BCE

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9
Q

a philosopher whose desire is to know
the ultimate stuff that makes up the
different things we perceived.

A

Thales

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10
Q

He believed that there is one
underlying stuff or substance in
which everything is composed.

A

Thales

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11
Q

______________. He reduce the multiplicity into a unity. (_______)

A

One in the Many, Thales

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12
Q

Primarily concerned with uncovering the truth
through systematic argumentation and theory.

A

Western
Philosophy

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13
Q

There is greater emphasis on the use of
_______ rather than faith, and an increased
focus on man as an individual

A

REASON, Western Philosophy

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14
Q

Western Philosophy is a more scientific….

A

theory-based approach
a more individualistic, self-oriented
approach

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15
Q

_________ were an important group that emerged
and influenced learning in Ancient Greece.

A

SOPHISTS

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16
Q

…teachers who traveled throughout
Greece and taught people who wish to
learn.

A

SOPHISTS

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17
Q

…done through discussion and argument, and
the sophists are excellent public speakers

A

Western Philosophy, SOPHISTS

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18
Q

Met resistance from another
group of thinkers

A

SOPHISTS

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19
Q

Teaching and learning should be
an opportunity to learn the truth
of all things in this world, and all
real wisdom should strive to
achieve truth aside from
knowledge.

A

Memo

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20
Q

arguments and discussion
must be based on sound reasoning

A

PHILOSOPHOS

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21
Q

CENTRAL BELIEF:

A

Man need not know all things
in the world, but one must
continue to inquire and seek
to understand and learn about
human condition.

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22
Q

The philosophers became pioneers in various field of knowledge
such as

A

history, biology, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and
even physics.

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23
Q

a mathematician and
scientist, credited with
formulating the
Pythagorean Theorem.

A

PYTHAGORAS (570BCE – 495 BCE)

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24
Q

established a community
of learners devoted to the
study of religion and
philosophy

A

PYTHAGORAS (570BCE – 495 BCE)

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25
Q

He proposed that
everything that exists is
based on a higher order
or plan which he called
______

A

HERACLITUS (535 BCE – 475 BCE), logos

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26
Q

is permanent aspect of
the human condition

A

change

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27
Q

“No man ever steps
on the same river
twice”

A

HERACLITUS (535 BCE – 475 BCE)

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28
Q

He devoted himself to studying the
causes of _______ __________

A

DEMOCRITUS, natural phenomena.

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29
Q

He was among the first to
propose that matter is
composed of tiny particles
called _____

A

DEMOCRITUS, ATOMS

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30
Q

a known advocate of living a
________ and ________ _____

A

DIOGENES OF SINOPE, simple and virtuous life

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31
Q

“one should not only talk of
virtue but should show it in
words and actions”

A

DIOGENES OF SINOPE

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32
Q

his emphasis on austerity and simplicity
often went to the extreme and was said
to have lived like a beggar

A

DIOGENES OF SINOPE

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33
Q

First philosopher in the west

A

DIOGENES OF SINOPE

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34
Q

He believed that philosophy could
enable man to live a life of
___________

A

EPICURUS, happiness

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35
Q

his views gave rise to
____________

A

EPICURUS, Epicureanism

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36
Q

a school of philosophy which believes that
wisdom and simple living will result in a life free of
fear and pain.

A

Epicureanism

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37
Q

He was considered the foremost philosopher
of ancient times.

A

SOCRATES (470 BCE – 399 BCE)

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38
Q

he did not claim to be “wise” and merely considered himself
a “________” that helped inquiring minds achieve wisdom

A

SOCRATES, midwife

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39
Q

believed that philosophy could
enable a man to live a life of
________

A

SOCRATES, virtue

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40
Q

formulated the Socratic Method

A

SOCRATES

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41
Q

a
means of examining a topic by devising a
series of questions that let the learner
examine and anlyze his knowledge and
views regarding the topic

A

Socratic Method

42
Q

a student of Socrates, he wrote down his
mentor’s teachings and incorporated some of
his own ideas

A

PLATO (427 BCE – 347 BCE)

43
Q

his teachings and writings were considered the
foundation of Western philosophy

A

PLATO

44
Q

a method of inquiry where two
opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to
arrive at new knowledge

A

DIALECTIC

45
Q

can only be perceived in the
mind

A

THEORY OF FORMS

46
Q

an institution of higher
learning which was the first of
its kind in the Western World

A

Founded the Academy (PLATO)

47
Q

he attended the academy and
prominent student of Plato

A

ARISTOTLE

48
Q

all ideas and views are based on
________ and our reality is based
on what we can sense and perceive

A

ARISTOTLE, perception

49
Q

studied logic that led to the formulation of a formal
process of analyzing reasoning which gave rise to
___________ __________

A

ARISTOTLE, deductive reasoning

50
Q

the process of which specific statements are analyzed to
reach a conclusion or generalization

A

deductive reasoning

51
Q

Consists of schools of thought which are often
closely tied with _________ ________.

A

Eastern Philosophy, RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

52
Q

…described as “______” literature where
stories, sayings, and texts encourage people to
adopt an ethical and harmonious way life.

A

Eastern Philosophy, WISDOM

53
Q

Eastern philosophies are classified according to ________
(belief in Supreme Being) and _____________.

A

Theistic, Nontheistic

54
Q

for the ____, _______ signifies the end of the eternal cycle of reincarnation

A

East, Nirvana

55
Q

For the ____, ________ must be accounted for within this lifetime

A

West, Everything

56
Q

what was that called

A

Wheel of Life

57
Q

Main focus of Eastern and Western Philo

A

West: Knowledge, explicit

East: behavior, implicit

58
Q

Methods of Eastern and Western Philo

A

West: criticism, conceptual analysis

East: cooperation, therapeutic

59
Q

Terms of Eastern and Western Philo

A

West: Precise, logical

East: dynamic, organic

60
Q

Individual of Eastern and Western Philo

A

West: fact, control
East: insight, contentment

61
Q

Society of Eastern and Western Philo

A

west: resistance, division
east: submission, collaboration

62
Q

Thales greatest contribution is the problem he posed:

A

“What is the ultimate stuff of the
universe?”

63
Q

Philosophical activity is characterized by three
things:

A
  1. Scope of philosophy involves the widest generalizations.
  2. Philosophy is all about fundamentals. A fundamental is
    the root cause that explains almost everything in a given
    context.
  3. Philosophy is driven by the desire to integrate things in to
    a one coherent whole.
64
Q

We all have the potential to philosophize since
we have the tendency to

A

wonder and doubt.

65
Q

We possess the capacity to reflect on our experiences, and we
have a never- ending need to

A

learn and discover.

66
Q

The need to philosophize is traced to a person’s
_________ (______) and ______ (__________), ________________________________ (_____ _______), and
the ____________.

A

sense of wonder (Plato), doubt (Rene
Descartes), the need to make sense of
challenging experiences (Karl Jaspers), love for wisdom

67
Q

One way of looking at Philosophy is to consider it a

A

way of analyzing frameworks.

68
Q

Internal questions –

A

dealing with our own
correctness and values

69
Q

External questions –

A

seek to question the very
frameworks upon which people base their own belies and views

70
Q

Philosophy can also be thought of as an

A

examination of a particular area of knowledge

71
Q

Central principle of philosophy is

A

examination
and questioning

72
Q

fundamental
principles that guide scientific thought

A

Philosophy of science

73
Q

examines basic tenets
of any faith

A

Philosophy of religion

74
Q

the other 2 philosophies

A

Philosophy of education
Philosophy of law

75
Q

Philosophy itself is a

A

distinct area of knowledge
with its own goal, concerns, and way of doing
things.

76
Q

nature of man

A

Philosophy of the Human Person

77
Q

deals with beauty and what make things
“beautiful”

A

Aesthetics

78
Q

deals with correct reasoning

A

Logic –

79
Q

discusses the nature of knowledge and
knowing

A

Epistemology –

80
Q

deals with moral questions and dilemmas

A

Ethics

81
Q

governments (justice, power etc)

A

Political philosophy –

82
Q

deals with questions regarding reality
and existence.

A

Metaphysics –

83
Q

Philosophy is a _________ and ___________
activity, and it has no designated subject matter of its
own.

A

reflective and meditative

84
Q

Rather it is a method of ______________ on any
type of experience.

A

mental exercise

85
Q

Two important facts about philosophizing:

A

Philosophy is a reflective and meditative
activity, and it has no designated subject matter of its
own.

Rather it is a method of mental exercise on any
type of experience.

86
Q

Philosophy uses _______to arrive at a
certain knowledge or truth

A

reason

87
Q

Philosophical
tools and
processes

A

Philosophical Questions
Logical Reasoning

88
Q

Philosophy was born because of _________

A

IGNORANCE

89
Q

__________ is about answering questions

A

Philosophy

90
Q

________ is the method we use in doing
philosophy.

A

Reasoning

91
Q

…is the process that would aide in understanding the
holistic point of view of what is going on around us.

…it is an activity that
requires a person to
examine his/her thoughts,
feelings and actions and
learn from experience.

A

REFLECTION

92
Q

…is the act of giving time to think about the meaning
and purpose of life. -________

A

Philosophical Reflection, Gabriel Marcel

93
Q

the ability to think logically.

A

PRIMARY REFLECTION

94
Q

enables us to look deeper into
our experiences and see the
bigger picture of reality.

A

SECONDARY REFLECTION

95
Q

drives the need of a philosopher
to question, examine, and learn more.

A

SENSE OF WONDER

96
Q

questioning perspective if indeed these ideas or
views are correct or true.

A

DOUBT

97
Q

Jaspers believed that man is often
confronted by experiences which challenge his ideas
and frameworks.

A

EXPERIENCE

98
Q

to love wisdom is to have an
insatiable desire for truth

A

LOVE FOR WISDOM

99
Q

…does not seek knowledge to claim
ownership of it.
…seeks to continue to question, probe,
and to discuss in order to get to the
bottom of things.

A

PHILOSOPHER

100
Q

I know that I do not know…
- __________

A

-SOCRATES

SOCS11: Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person (5 decks)

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