Lesson 3: Division of the Skeletal System & Lesson 4: Articulations Flashcards by Mark Clarenz

How many bones are there in a human skeleton?

206 Bones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two Principal Divisions of Bones

Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bones that are on the longitudinal (vertical line that runs through the
middle of the body) axis of the human body

Axial Skeleton

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

consists of upper and lower limbs, bones forming girdles

Appendicular Skeleton

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many bones are there in the Axial Skeleton?

80 bones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the Cranial Bones

Frontal
Parietal - 2
Temporal - 2
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the Facial Bones

Nasal - 2
Lacrimal - 2
Palatine - 2
Zygomatic - 2
Maxilla - 2
Mandible
Vomer
Nasal Concha - 2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the largest and strongest facial bone

Mandible

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the Auditory Ossicles

Stapes - 2
Incus - 2
Malleus - 2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hold the bone of skull together

Sutures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the Sutures of the Skull

Sagittal
Lambdoidal
Squamous
Frontal / Coronal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

 responsible for growth of head after birth
 allow flexibility during birth processes

Fontanels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the Fontanels

Anterior / Bregmatic
Posterior / Occipital
Anterolateral
Posterolateral

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

 diamond-shaped
 largest and located at the junction of sagittal and coronal sutures
 closes at 16-18 months

Anterior / Bregmatic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

 triangular shaped
 lies between sagittal and lamboidal
 closes between 3 to 4 months (6 months)

Posterior / Occipital

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

 One at each side
 closure begins at 1-2 month and complete closure is at 12 months

Posterolateral

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

 Closes at 3 mos.

Anterolateral

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

 floating bone
 attachment for throat and tongue muscles
 horseshoe shaped

Hyoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the Bones in the Vertebral Column

Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral / Sacrum
Coccygeal / Coccyx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

C1 - Atlas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?

C2 - Axis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

vertebra type containing foramina in the transverse processes, through which the vertebral arteries ascend to reach the brain

Cervical Vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

dens here provides a pivot for rotation of the first cervical vertebra

C2 - Axis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

transverse process faceted for articulation with ribs; spinous process pointing sharply downward

Thoracic Vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

composite bone; articulates with the hip bone laterally

Sacrum

massive vertebra; weight-sustaining

Lumbar Vertebra

"tail-bone"; vestigial fused vertebrae

Coccyx

supports the head; allows rocking motion in conjunction with the occipital condyles

C1 - Atlas

Which bone in the vertebral column is composed of 5 fused bones?

Sacral / Sacrum

Which bone in the vertebral column is composed of 4 fused bones?

Coccygeal / Coccyx

bones that form a protective cage for the heart, lungs, and other internal organs

Ribs

ribs that are directly attached to the sternum

True Ribs / Vertebrosternal Ribs

ribs that are attached to the 7th true rib

False Ribs / Vertebrochondral Ribs

ribs that are attached only to the vertebrae–and not to the sternum

Floating Ribs

What are the parts of the Sternum?

Manubrium Body Xiphoid Process - Suprasternal Notch - Clavicular Notch - Sternal Angle

How many bones are there in the Appendicular Skeleton?

126 bones

Identify the division of bones in the Appendicular Skeleton

Pectoral Girdle / Shoulder Girdle Upper Limb Pelvic Girdle Lower Limb

 S-shaped  Its medial (sternal) end articulates with the manubrium of the sternum and its lateral (acromial) end articulates with the acromion of the scapula.

Clavicle / Collarbone

a flat bone that is located in the superior part of the posterior thorax between the second and seventh ribs.

Scapula

most movable joint in the body

Shoulder Joint

Process in the Scapula; - Just below the clavicle - attachment for arm muscles

Coracoid Process

Fossa in the Scapula; - receives the head of the humerus

Glenoid Fossa

Process in the Scapula; - forms the point of the shoulder

Acromion Process

How many bones are there in the Upper Limb?

60 bones

How many bones are there in the Upper Limb?

60 bones (30 on each side)

articulates with the scapula proximally and with the radius and ulna distally

Humerus

located on the lateral (thumb) side of the forearm. The articulation of its head with the capitulum of the humerus and with the ulna allows the forearm to rotate.

Radius

located on the medial(little finger) side of the forearm.

Ulna

are 8 small bones connected to each other by ligaments.

Carpals / Wristbone

Identify the bones in the Carpals

Proximal Row; Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Distal Row; Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hammate

 make up the palm and back of the hand.  They are numbered I through V (or 1–5) starting with the thumb. Their bases articulate with the distal carpals while their heads articulate with the proximal phalanges.

Metacarpals

 are the bones of the digits (fingers)  There are 14 in all. The thumb contains 2 (proximal and distal) while the other 4 fingers contain 3 each (proximal, middle and distal).

Phalanges

made up of two hip bones/coxae (os coxa, coxal bones) that articulate with the sacrum posteriorly.  supports the trunk and provides the attachment of legs

Pelvic Girdle

 ring of bones  hipbone -2  union of 3 bones

Coxae / Coxal / Hip Bones

Part of the Coxal; - uppermost and largest bone of the pelvis - superior, broad and expanded bone of the pelvis

Ilium

Part of the Coxal; - lowest and strongest - posterior and inferior

Ischium

Part of the Coxal; - anterior - joined together by a joint

Pubis

a joint that joins together the pubis

Symphysis Pubis

receives the head of the femur

Acetabulum

The area of the bony pelvis superior to the pelvic brim

False (greater) Pelvis

The area of the bony pelvis inferior to the pelvic brim

True(lesser) Pelvis

Identify the Bones in the Lower Limb

Femur - 2 Tibia - 2 Fibula - 2 Patella - 2 Tarsals - 14 Metatarsal - 10 Phalanges - 28

does not bear any weight but muscles attach to it

Fibula

a triangular bone that develops in the quadriceps tendon. It articulates on its posterior surface with the femur.

Patella / Kneecap

- heel - biggest of tarsals

Calcaneus

 a place where two bones (adjacent) meet  effectiveness of the articular system involves the coordination of muscular, nervous and skeletal system.

Joint / Articulation

Classifications of Joints

Fibrous Joint / Synarthroses Cartilaginous Joints / Amphiarthroses Synovial Joint / Diarthroses

 immovable joints  tightly joined- no synovial cavity. no synovial fluid

Fibrous Joint / Synarthroses

 freely movable joints  ends of bones are covered with articular cartilage  Joint is lubricated by thick synovial fluid  joint enclosed by a flexible articular capsule

Synovial Joint / Diarthroses  e.g. shoulder joint

 slightly movable joints  united by a plate of hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilagenous disc

Cartilaginous Joint / Amphiarthroses

 fibrous joints made up of peg and socket  e.g. root of tooth and fibrous periodontal socket

Gomphoses

 movement can occur in fetuses and young children  in adult, connective tissue replaced by bones end they become permanently fused (synastosis) - sealed joint

Suture / Skull Type

 bones are close together but not touching  held by collagenous fibers  e.g. radius and ulna

Syndesmoses

 two bony surfaces are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage  between them are a disc of fibrocartilage which functions as a shock absorber

Symphyses / Secondary Synchondrosis  e.g. intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis

 joint composed of epiphyseal plate of hyaline cartilage that joins the diaphyses and epiphysis  adult synchondroses replaced by bone --synostosis  few synchondroses are not replaced by bone: sternoclavicular joint  growth, not movement

Synchondroses

 contains synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid (lubrication)

Synovial Cavity / Joint Cavity

 covers epiphysis  reduce friction  end on long bones  shock absorber  cannot replace itself when destroyed

Articular Cartilage

 fibrous capsule that lines the synovial cavity  pliable -> permits movement

Articular Capsule

 fibrous tissue that connect bone to adjacent bone  contains rich supply of sensory nerves  inelastic but permits movement

Ligaments

 attaches bone to muscle

Tendons

 resemble flattened sacs  cushion certain muscles  filled with synovial fluid

Bursae

 A modification of bursae found in wrist, palms and finger muscles  long cylindrical sacs filled with synovial fluid  reduce friction at joint surfaces

Tendon Sheathes