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Skeletal System > Lesson 3: Division of the Skeletal System & Lesson 4: Articulations > Flashcards

Lesson 3: Division of the Skeletal System & Lesson 4: Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are there in a human skeleton?

A

206 Bones

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2
Q

Two Principal Divisions of Bones

A

Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton

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3
Q

Bones that are on the longitudinal (vertical line that runs through the
middle of the body) axis of the human body

A

Axial Skeleton

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4
Q

consists of upper and lower limbs, bones forming girdles

A

Appendicular Skeleton

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5
Q

How many bones are there in the Axial Skeleton?

A

80 bones

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6
Q

Identify the Cranial Bones

A

Frontal
Parietal - 2
Temporal - 2
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

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7
Q

Identify the Facial Bones

A

Nasal - 2
Lacrimal - 2
Palatine - 2
Zygomatic - 2
Maxilla - 2
Mandible
Vomer
Nasal Concha - 2

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8
Q

the largest and strongest facial bone

A

Mandible

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9
Q

Identify the Auditory Ossicles

A

Stapes - 2
Incus - 2
Malleus - 2

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10
Q

hold the bone of skull together

A

Sutures

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11
Q

Identify the Sutures of the Skull

A

Sagittal
Lambdoidal
Squamous
Frontal / Coronal

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12
Q

 responsible for growth of head after birth
 allow flexibility during birth processes

A

Fontanels

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13
Q

Identify the Fontanels

A

Anterior / Bregmatic
Posterior / Occipital
Anterolateral
Posterolateral

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14
Q

 diamond-shaped
 largest and located at the junction of sagittal and coronal sutures
 closes at 16-18 months

A

Anterior / Bregmatic

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15
Q

 triangular shaped
 lies between sagittal and lamboidal
 closes between 3 to 4 months (6 months)

A

Posterior / Occipital

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16
Q

 One at each side
 closure begins at 1-2 month and complete closure is at 12 months

A

Posterolateral

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17
Q

 Closes at 3 mos.

A

Anterolateral

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18
Q

 floating bone
 attachment for throat and tongue muscles
 horseshoe shaped

A

Hyoid

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19
Q

Identify the Bones in the Vertebral Column

A

Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral / Sacrum
Coccygeal / Coccyx

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20
Q

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

A

C1 - Atlas

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21
Q

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?

A

C2 - Axis

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22
Q

vertebra type containing foramina in the transverse processes, through which the vertebral arteries ascend to reach the brain

A

Cervical Vertebra

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23
Q

dens here provides a pivot for rotation of the first cervical vertebra

A

C2 - Axis

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24
Q

transverse process faceted for articulation with ribs; spinous process pointing sharply downward

A

Thoracic Vertebra

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25
Q

composite bone; articulates with the hip bone laterally

A

Sacrum

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26
Q

massive vertebra; weight-sustaining

A

Lumbar Vertebra

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27
Q

“tail-bone”; vestigial fused vertebrae

A

Coccyx

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28
Q

supports the head; allows rocking motion in conjunction with the occipital condyles

A

C1 - Atlas

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29
Q

Which bone in the vertebral column is composed of 5 fused bones?

A

Sacral / Sacrum

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30
Q

Which bone in the vertebral column is composed of 4 fused bones?

A

Coccygeal / Coccyx

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31
Q

bones that form a protective cage for the heart, lungs, and other internal organs

A

Ribs

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32
Q

ribs that are directly attached to the sternum

A

True Ribs / Vertebrosternal Ribs

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33
Q

ribs that are attached to the 7th true rib

A

False Ribs / Vertebrochondral Ribs

34
Q

ribs that are attached only to the vertebrae–and not to the sternum

A

Floating Ribs

35
Q

What are the parts of the Sternum?

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid Process

  • Suprasternal Notch
  • Clavicular Notch
  • Sternal Angle
36
Q

How many bones are there in the Appendicular Skeleton?

A

126 bones

37
Q

Identify the division of bones in the Appendicular Skeleton

A

Pectoral Girdle / Shoulder Girdle
Upper Limb
Pelvic Girdle
Lower Limb

38
Q

 S-shaped
 Its medial (sternal) end articulates with the manubrium of the sternum and
its lateral (acromial) end articulates with the acromion of the scapula.

A

Clavicle / Collarbone

39
Q

a flat bone that is located in the superior
part of the posterior thorax between the second and seventh ribs.

A

Scapula

40
Q

most movable joint in the body

A

Shoulder Joint

41
Q

Process in the Scapula;
- Just below the clavicle
- attachment for arm muscles

A

Coracoid Process

42
Q

Fossa in the Scapula;
- receives the head of the humerus

A

Glenoid Fossa

43
Q

Process in the Scapula;
- forms the point of the shoulder

A

Acromion Process

44
Q

How many bones are there in the Upper Limb?

A

60 bones

44
Q

How many bones are there in the Upper Limb?

A

60 bones (30 on each side)

45
Q

articulates with the scapula proximally and with the radius and ulna distally

A

Humerus

46
Q

located on the lateral (thumb) side of the forearm. The
articulation of its head with the capitulum of the humerus and with the ulna allows the forearm to rotate.

A

Radius

47
Q

located on the medial(little finger) side of the forearm.

A

Ulna

48
Q

are 8 small bones connected to each other
by ligaments.

A

Carpals / Wristbone

49
Q

Identify the bones in the Carpals

A

Proximal Row;
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

Distal Row;
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hammate

50
Q

 make up the palm and back of the hand.
 They are numbered I through V (or 1–5) starting with the thumb.
Their bases articulate with the distal carpals while their heads
articulate with the proximal phalanges.

A

Metacarpals

51
Q

 are the bones of the digits (fingers)
 There are 14 in all. The thumb contains 2 (proximal and distal) while
the other 4 fingers contain 3 each (proximal, middle and distal).

A

Phalanges

52
Q

made up of two hip bones/coxae (os coxa, coxal
bones) that articulate with the sacrum posteriorly.
 supports the trunk and provides the attachment of legs

A

Pelvic Girdle

53
Q

 ring of bones
 hipbone -2
 union of 3 bones

A

Coxae / Coxal / Hip Bones

54
Q

Part of the Coxal;
- uppermost and largest bone of the pelvis
- superior, broad and expanded bone of the pelvis

A

Ilium

54
Q

Part of the Coxal;
- lowest and strongest
- posterior and inferior

A

Ischium

55
Q

Part of the Coxal;
- anterior
- joined together by a joint

A

Pubis

56
Q

a joint that joins together the pubis

A

Symphysis Pubis

57
Q

receives the head of the femur

A

Acetabulum

58
Q

The area of the bony pelvis superior to the pelvic brim

A

False (greater) Pelvis

59
Q

The area of the bony pelvis inferior to the pelvic brim

A

True(lesser) Pelvis

60
Q

Identify the Bones in the Lower Limb

A

Femur - 2
Tibia - 2
Fibula - 2
Patella - 2
Tarsals - 14
Metatarsal - 10
Phalanges - 28

61
Q

does not bear any weight but muscles attach to it

A

Fibula

62
Q

a triangular bone that develops in the quadriceps
tendon. It articulates on its posterior surface with the femur.

A

Patella / Kneecap

63
Q
  • heel
  • biggest of tarsals
A

Calcaneus

64
Q

 a place where two bones (adjacent) meet
 effectiveness of the articular system involves the coordination of muscular, nervous
and skeletal system.

A

Joint / Articulation

65
Q

Classifications of Joints

A

Fibrous Joint / Synarthroses
Cartilaginous Joints / Amphiarthroses
Synovial Joint / Diarthroses

66
Q

 immovable joints
 tightly joined- no synovial cavity. no synovial fluid

A

Fibrous Joint / Synarthroses

67
Q

 freely movable joints
 ends of bones are covered with articular cartilage
 Joint is lubricated by thick synovial fluid
 joint enclosed by a flexible articular capsule

A

Synovial Joint / Diarthroses
 e.g. shoulder joint

68
Q

 slightly movable joints
 united by a plate of hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilagenous disc

A

Cartilaginous Joint / Amphiarthroses

69
Q

 fibrous joints made up of peg and socket
 e.g. root of tooth and fibrous periodontal socket

A

Gomphoses

70
Q

 movement can occur in fetuses and young children
 in adult, connective tissue replaced by bones end they become
permanently fused (synastosis) - sealed joint

A

Suture / Skull Type

71
Q

 bones are close together but not touching
 held by collagenous fibers
 e.g. radius and ulna

A

Syndesmoses

72
Q

 two bony surfaces are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage
 between them are a disc of fibrocartilage which functions as a shock absorber

A

Symphyses / Secondary Synchondrosis
 e.g. intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis

73
Q

 joint composed of epiphyseal plate of hyaline cartilage that joins the
diaphyses and epiphysis
 adult synchondroses replaced by bone –synostosis
 few synchondroses are not replaced by bone: sternoclavicular joint
 growth, not movement

A

Synchondroses

74
Q

 contains synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid (lubrication)

A

Synovial Cavity / Joint Cavity

75
Q

 covers epiphysis
 reduce friction
 end on long bones
 shock absorber
 cannot replace itself when destroyed

A

Articular Cartilage

76
Q

 fibrous capsule that lines the synovial cavity
 pliable -> permits movement

A

Articular Capsule

77
Q

 fibrous tissue that connect bone to adjacent bone
 contains rich supply of sensory nerves
 inelastic but permits movement

A

Ligaments

78
Q

 attaches bone to muscle

A

Tendons

79
Q

 resemble flattened sacs
 cushion certain muscles
 filled with synovial fluid

A

Bursae

80
Q

 A modification of bursae found in wrist, palms and finger muscles
 long cylindrical sacs filled with synovial fluid
 reduce friction at joint surfaces

A

Tendon Sheathes

Skeletal System (7 decks)

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