Lesson 3: Cells (Incomplete)

Question 1

Microscopic structures, the smallest unit of life that can function independently

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

First person to see cells, viewed them through a crude lens in late seventeenth century

Answer 2

Robert Hooke

Question 3

Robert Hooke initiated a new field of science

Answer 3

Cell Biology

Question 4

They used their observations of many different plant and animal cells to formulate the cell theory, What Year?

Answer 4

German Biologists Mathias J. Schleiden and Theodor Schwann (1839)

Question 5

He added that all cells come from preexisting cells

Answer 5

Rudolf Virchow

Question 6

Ideal for generating true-color views of living and preserved cells

Answer 6

Light Microscope

Question 7

Uses two or more lenses to focus visible light through a specimen and can magnify up to 1600 times

Answer 7

Compound Microscope

Question 8

Enhances resolution by focusing light through a lens to the object

Answer 8

Confocal Microscope

Question 9

Sends a beam of electrons through a very thin slice of specimen

Answer 9

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Question 10

Scans beam of electrons over a metal coated, three dimensional specimen, lower resolution then TEM

Answer 10

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Question 11

Builds proteins

Answer 11

Ribosomes

Question 12

The interface between the cell and the outside environment

Answer 12

Cell Membrane

Question 13

Fluid portion included in the Cytoplasm

Answer 13

Cytosol

Question 14

Specialized compartments of complex cell

Answer 14

Organelles

Question 15

Studied key molecules in many cell types and in what year?

Answer 15

Carl Woese (1977)

Question 16

Area where DNA occurs

Answer 16

Nucleoid

Question 17

Consists of a phosphate group, glycerol, and two fatty acids

Answer 17

Phospholipid

Question 18

Transport proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayer create passageways through which substances pass into or out the cell

Answer 18

Transport Proteins

Question 19

These proteins facilitate chemical reaction that otherwise would proceed too slowly to sustain life

Answer 19

Enzymes

Question 20

Carbohydrates attached to cell surface proteins serve as “name tags” to be recognized

Answer 20

Recognition Proteins

Question 21

Enables cells to stick with one another

Answer 21

Adhesion Proteins

Question 22

Bind molecules outside the cell and trigger to response inside the cell

Answer 22

Receptor Proteins

Question 23

Inner compartment of the ER, ribosomes give a roughed appearance

Answer 23

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 24

Synthesizes lipids, detoxify drugs and poisons

Answer 24

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 25

Stack of flat, membrane enclosed sacs that functions as a processing center

Answer 25

Golgi Apparatus

Question 26

Eukaryotic cell degrades wastes and digests nutrients

Answer 26

Lysosomes

Question 27

Degrades wastes, exerts turgor pressure, and stores acids and pigments

Answer 27

Vacuole

Question 28

Helps digest fatty acids and detoxify many substances

Answer 28

Peroxisomes

Question 29

House the reactions of cellular respiration to extract needed energy from food

Answer 29

Mitochondria

Question 30

Folder inner membrane of a mitochondrion

Answer 30

Cristae

Question 31

Uses solar energy to make food

Answer 31

Chloroplasts

Question 32

Enzyme-rich fluid enclosed by two outer membrane layers

Answer 32

Stroma

Question 33

This is where photosynthetic pigments are embedded

Answer 33

Thylakoid Membranes

Question 34

Network of protein rods and tubules providing cell with form, support, and movement

Answer 34

Cytoskeleton

Question 35

Thinnest components of the cytoskeleton composed of protein actin

Answer 35

Microfilaments

Question 36

Consists of various proteins that strengthen the cytoskeleton

Answer 36

Intermediate Filaments

Question 37

Hollow tubes made of tubulin subunits forming an internal trackway that separate chromosomes during cell division

Answer 37

Microtubules

Question 38

Organizes microtubules in animal cells

Answer 38

Centrosomes

Question 39

Short numerous extensions

Answer 39

Cilia

Question 40

Less numerous but longer extensions

Answer 40

Flagella

Question 41

Pores that extend through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells

Answer 41

Plasmodesmata

Question 42

Fuses animal cells together forming an impermeable between them

Answer 42

Tight Junction

Question 43

Connect animal cells to its neighbors or to extracellular matrix

Answer 43

Anchoring Junction

Question 44

Channel that links the cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells which allows the exchange of ions, nutrients, and other molecules

Answer 44

Jap Junction