DNA Structure and Gene Function

Question 1

Molecule with a function to store information that each cell needs to produce proteins, Life depends on it

Answer 1

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Question 2

First biochemist which shows that the amount of guanine in a DNA molecule always equals the amount of cytosine, adenine equals the amount of thymine

Answer 2

Erwin Chargaff

Question 3

English physicist, and a chemist who used a technique called X-ray diffraction

Answer 3

Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin

Question 4

It determine the three-dimensional shape of the molecule, this technique shows pattern of regularly repeating structure of building blocks

Answer 4

x-ray Diffraction

Question 5

They build a ball-and-stick model of DNA molecule

Answer 5

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 6

It is all of the genetic materials in an organism’s cell

Answer 6

Genome

Question 7

Carries the information that specifies a protein

Answer 7

Messenger RNA

Question 8

Group of three consecutive mRNA bases that corresponds to one amino acid

Answer 8

Codon

Question 9

“Connectors” which binds an mRNA codon at one end and a specific amino acid at the other. Carries each amino acid to the correct spot along the mRNA molecule

Answer 9

Transfer RNA

Question 10

Combines with proteins to form a ribosome, the physical location where translation occur

Answer 10

Ribosomal RNA

Question 11

Contains the DNA sequence that is copied to RNA

Answer 11

Template Strand

Question 12

DNA sequence that indicates which of the two strands is the template

Answer 12

Promoter

Question 13

Portions of the mRNA that are removed before translation

Answer 13

Introns

Question 14

Remaining portions, which are spliced together to form the mature mRNA that leaves the nucleus to be translated

Answer 14

Exons

Question 15

Actual construction of protein which requires the three types of RNA

Answer 15

Translation

Question 16

Occurs in a mushroom called the “death cap” and inhibits RNA polymerase making the transcription impossible

Answer 16

Amanatin

Question 17

Certain bacteria secrete toxins that causes respiratory illness. Adds amino acid to a polypeptide chain after translation

Answer 17

Diphtheria Toxin

Question 18

Disrupts bacterial ribosomes, the reason why the bacteria cannot make proteins and dies

Answer 18

Antibiotics

Question 19

Any change in the cell’s DNA sequence. May occur in a gene or in a regulatory region such as promoters. Provides the variation that makes life interesting

Answer 19

Mutation

Question 20

Replacement of one DNA base with another

Answer 20

Substitution Mutation

Question 21

Adds one or more nucleotides to a gene

Answer 21

Insertion Mutation

Question 22

Removes nucleotides

Answer 22

Deletion Mutation

Question 23

Nucleotides are added or deleted by a number other than a multiple of three

Answer 23

Frameshift Mutation

Question 24

Any external agent that induces mutations

Answer 24

Mutagen

Question 25

Small, infectious agent that is simply genetic information enclosed in a protein coat

Answer 25

Virus

Question 26

Surrounds the viral genetic material

Answer 26

Protein Coat