Lesson 3: Anti-viral agents

Question 1

Viral infection in humans and animals are preferably controlled by?

Answer 1

immunization

Question 2

when a vaccine is not available, example for those major viral diseases or emergence of a new virulent strain of virus, ___________ is necessary

Answer 2

antiviral chemotherapy

Question 3

enhance innate immune response, indirect antiviral effects by inducing cytokines prominently interferons

Answer 3

immunomodulators

Question 4

mediate the early immune responses to viral infections

Answer 4

type 1 interferons

Question 5

produce by mononuclear phagocytes

Answer 5

interferon-a (IFN-a)

Question 6

produce by fibroblasts and other cells

Answer 6

interferon-b (IFN-b)

Question 7

produced by stimulated T cells and NK cells. It activates macrophages and thereby contribute to the initiation of specific antiviral resistance mediated by antibodies and T lymphocytes

Answer 7

Type 2 interferon

Question 8

prevents virus uncoating shortly after endocytosis of virus by the host cells

Answer 8

ion-channel blockers

Question 9

example of ion-channel blockers

Answer 9

amantadine

Question 10

has antiviral activity againts influenza A virus by inhibiting an early step in the replication of the virus.

Answer 10

amantadine

Question 11

interfere with release of virus from host cells

Answer 11

neuraminidase inhibitors

Question 12

example of immunostimulating drugs to viral infections

Answer 12

Imiquimod and Inosine pranobex

Question 13

Example of neuraminidase inhibitors (anti-influeza drugs)

Answer 13

Oseltamivir and Zanamivir

Question 14

example of nucleoside analogue drugs

Answer 14

✓ acyclovir
✓ famciclovir
✓ penciclovir
✓ ganciclovir
✓ ribavirin

Question 15

used against herpesvirus

Answer 15

Acyclovir and Penciclovir

Question 16

has inhibitory activity against herpesviruses, poxviruses, papillomaviruses and adenoviruses

Answer 16

Famciclovir

Question 17

active against cytomegalovirus

Answer 17

Ganciclovir

Question 18

anti-influenza drug

Answer 18

ribavirin

Question 19

example of thymidine analogue

Answer 19

Idoxuridine

Question 20

used for treating herpesvirus keratitis in animals

Answer 20

Idoxuridine

Question 21

inhihit replication of viruses by binding to the pyrophosphate binding site of the DNA polymerase to block binding of nucleotides

Answer 21

Non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors

Question 22

example of non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors (againts herpesvirus, HIV, hepatitis B virus)

Answer 22

Foscamet

Question 23

used against HIV proteases

Answer 23

Protease inhibitors

Question 24

examples of proteins inhibitors

Answer 24

Saquinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir