Lesson 3 & 4 Flashcards
Can we survive longer without water or without other nutrients
Without other nutrients
what are the body fluid compartments for a 73kg man with 40L of total body H2O?
Intracellular volume - 24L = 60%
Extracellular volume - 16L = 40%
What’s the percentage of plasma volume for a 73kg man with 40L of total body H2O?
3.2L - 8%
What’s the percentage of interstitial volume for a 73kg man with 40L of total body H2O?
11.2L - 28%
What’s the percentage of transcellular volume for a 73kg man with 40L of total body H2O?
4%
Are tears part of transcellular volume?
Yes, because they cross from one compartment to the next
True or False: bile is part of transcellular volume
Yes, because it crosses from gallbladder to go into SI
Name the compartments of the digestive system
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Name the digestive systems accessory organs
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
What enzymes are released in the mouth, name the 3 salivary glands that reside in the mouth
Amylase and lingual lipase are released in mouth
Glands = Parotid, sublingual, submadibular
True or False: the breaking down of food in the mouth along with saliva makes paste like substance called chyme
False - it’s called a bolus
How long is the esophagus on average?
25cm
what are the 3 layers of muscle in the stomach
longitudinal, circular and oblique
are oxyntic glands in the stomach? What do they produce?
Yes they are in stomach - they produce HCl
Are the enzymes in the mouth active in the stomach as well? Why or why not?
No they are not active in stomach because HCl (has very low pH) in stomach inactivates them because enzymes in mouth work at a little higher pH
What does gastric juice contain?
HCl and pepsin
What hormone stimulates release of gastric juice
Gastrin
Is mucus highly acidic or basic?
Basic, it protects stomach from highly acidic environment
True or false: mucus is a glycoprotein
True
Describe distensibility of stomach
Distensibility refers to the stomach kinda falling into itself - when its empty it falls into its shape or wont hold its shape like it does when its full
What are peristaltic waves
Waves of contraction
What 3 signals need to happen for secretion of HCl
ACh
Histamine
Gastrin
True or false: the distensibility of stomach allows it to hold a maximum of 2L
False - allows it to hold a maximum of 4L
How much chyme is pumped into duodenum with each peristaltic wave
1-3mL
What nerve stimulates acid secretion in stomach
Vagus nerve
What hormone(s) does enteroendocrine cells release in stomach
Histamine and gastrin
true or false: histamine acts in a endocrine manner on nearby cells
False - histamine acts in paracrine manner
What cell makes up the gastric pits of pyloric region
Enteroendocrine cells
What does gastrin stimulate
Oxyntic cells - stimulates acid secretion
What does gastric acids reduce that is important for non-heme iron
Reduces ferric to ferrous salts - help with absorption of non-heme iron since it is more soluble allowing the non-heme iron to be absorbed
What binds to vitamin B12 and what does it do
Intrinsic factor will bind to vitamin B12 to protect it and allow it to go through digestive system to be absorbed without being destroyed
What produces intrinsic factor
Oxyntic cells
Name the phases of gastric secretion
Cephalic
Gastric
Intestinal
Describe cephalic phase of gastric secretion
Triggered by smell, taste or thought of food, primes gut for food before receiving it
30% of acid secretion
Describe gastric phase of gastric secretion
Triggered by stomach distension and by amino acids and peptides activating chemoreceptors
60% of acid secretion
Describe intestinal phase of gastric secretion
Triggered by distension of SI and presence of proteins and products of protein digestion
10% of acid secretion
Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur
Small Intestine
What mixes with chyme that comes from stomach
Pancreatic juice
What produces mucus in small intestine and what does it do
Goblet cells produce mucous and protects the SI from acidic chyme
True or false: 90% of ingested carbohydrates, fats and proteins are absorbed in SI
True
What is the function of the pancreas
Produces pancreatic juice and makes insulin
What is pancreatic juice made of
Lipase, protease and amylase
What is the function of the liver
Produces bile and filters everything that comes into body
What is the function of the gallbladder
Concentrates bile, stores bile and releases it
What does bile do
Bile emulsifies fat
Name 2 bile acids
Chenodeoxycholic and cholic acid
What do bile acids bind with
Glycine or taurine
True or False: the fungus has pyloric sphincter
False - antrum has pyloric sphincter, the sphincter controls the flow of food from the stomach to SI
Epithelial cells in the crypts of Lieberkhun is also known as
Enterocytes
